app2

SP-4011 Skylab: A Chronology

[362-365] APPENDIX 2

SKYLAB SUMMARY

[Prepared by Marshall Space Flight Center]

SL-1

SL-2

SL-3

SL-4

Totals

.

Launch

14 May 1973

1:30 p.m. EDT

25 May 1973

9:00 a.m. EDT

28 July 1973

7:11 a.m. EDT

16 November 1973

9:01 a.m. EST

-

Recovery

-

22 June 1973

9:49 a.m. EDT

25 Sept. 1973

6:19 p.m. EDT

8 February 1974

11:17 a.m. EDT

-

Launch Vehicle

Saturn V

Saturn 1B

Saturn 1B

Saturn 1B

-

Orbital parameters

431.5 x 433.7 km

(268.1 x 269.5 mi)

-

-

-

-

Orbital inclination

50°

-

-

-

-

Orbital period

approx. 93 minutes

-

-

-

-

Distance/orbit

42 768 km

(26 575 mi)

-

-

-

-

Distance traveled (manned)

-

18.5 million km

(11.5 million mi)

39.4 million km

(24.5 million mi)

55.5 million km

(34.5 million mi)

113.5 million km

(70.5 million mi)

Mission duration

-

28 days 49 minutes

59 days 11 hours 9 minutes

84 days 1 hour 16 minutes

171 days 13 hours 14 minutes

Number of revolutions (manned)

-

404

858

1214

2476

Crew:

Commander
Pilot
Scientist pilot

-

Charles Conrad
Paul J. Weitz
Joseph Kerwin

Alan L. Bean
Jack R. Lousma
Owen Garriott

Gerald P. Carr
William R. Pogue
Edward Gibson

-

Man-hour utilization

-

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Medical activities

-

145.3 (7.5)

312.5 (8.0)

366.7 (6.1)

824.5 (6.9)

Solar observations

-

117.2 (6.0)

305.1 (7.8)

519.0 (8.5)

941.3 (7.9)

Earth resources

-

71.4 (3.7)

223.5 (5.7)

274.5 (4.5)

569.4 (4.8)

Other experiments

-

65.4 (3.4)

243.6 (6.2)

403.0 (6.7)

712.0 (6.0)

Sleep, rest and off duty

-

675.6 (34.7)

1224.5 (31.2)

1846.5 (30.5)

3746.6 (31.5)

Pre- and post-sleep and eating

-

477.1 (24.5)

975.7 (24.8)

1384.0 (23.0)

2836.8 (23.8)

Housekeeping

-

103.6 (5.3)

158.4 (4.0)

298.9 (4.9)

560.9 (4.7)

Physical training and personal hygiene

-

56.2 (2.9)

202.2 (5.2)

384.5 (6.4)

642.9 (5.4)

Other (EVA) etc.

-

232.5 (12.0)

279.7 (7.1)

571.4 (9.4)

1083.6 (9.0)

Total

-

1944.3 (100)

3925.2 (100)

6048.5 (100)

11918.0 (100)

Experiment performance

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Hours (percent)

Solar astronomy

-

117.2 (29.9)

305.1 (28.2)

519.0 (33.2)

941.3 (31.0)

Earth observations

-

71.4 (18.2)

223.5 (20.6)

274.5 (17.6)

569.4 (18.8)

Student

-

3.7 (0.9)

10.8 (1.0)

14.8 (0.9)

29.3 (0.9)

Astrophysics

-

36.6 (9.4)

103.8 (9.6)

133.8 (8.5)

274.2 (9.0)

Man/systems

-

12.1 (3.1)

117.4 (10.8)

83.0 (5.3)

212.5 (7.0)

Material science

-

5.9 (1.5)

8.4 (0.8)

15.4 (1.0)

29.7 (1.0)

Life science

-

145.3 (37.0)

312.5 (29.0)

366.7 (23.5)

824.5 (27.2)

Kohoutek

-

-

-

156.0 (10.0)

156.0 (5.1)

Totals

-

392.2 (100)

1081.2 (100)

1563.2 (100)

3036.9 (100)

Extravehicular activities

Standup EVA

-

25 May 1973

37 minutes

-

-

-

EVA 1

-

7 June 1973

3 hours 30 minutes

6 August 1973

6 hours 29 minutes

22 November 1973

6 hours 33 minutes

-

EVA 2

-

19 June 1973

1 hour 44 minutes

24 August 1973

4 hours 30 minutes

25 December 1973

7 hours 1 minute

-

EVA 3

-

-

22 September 1973

2 hours 45 minutes

29 December 1973

3 hours 28 minutes

-

EVA 4

-

-

-

8 February 1974

5 hours 19 minutes

-

Totals

-

5 hours 41 minutes

13 hours 44 minutes

22 hours 21 minutes

41 hours 46 minutes

Data returned

Solar observations

-

28 739 frames

24 942 frames

73 366 frames

175 047 frames

Earth observations

Film

-

9 846 frames

16 800 frames

19 400 frames

46 146 frames

Magnetic tape

-

13 716 m (45 000 ft)

28 529 m (93 600 ft)

30 480 m (100 000 ft)

72 725 m (238 600 ft)

Experiment Summary

Planned

Actual

Percent Deviation

Earth observation passes

62

99

+ 60

Solar viewing time

(above 400 km)

565 hours

724.7 hours

+ 27.5

Manned solar viewing time

879.5 hours

941.3 hours

+ 7.1

Biomedical investigations

701

922

+32

Engineering/technology investigations

264

245

- 3.4

Material/space manufacturing investigations

10

32

+ 220

Astrophysics investigations

168

345

+ 105

Student experiment investigations

44

52

+18

Science demonstrations

26

11

- 42 optional SL-4 only

.

Consumable utilization

Launch

End of Manned Mission

Consumables Used

.

Water

2722 kg (6000 lb)

776 kg (1710 lb)

1946 kg (4290 lb)

Oxygen

2767 kg (6100 lb)

1254 kg (2764 lb)

1513 kg (3336 lb)

Nitrogen

699 kg (1540 lb)

275 kg (607 lb)

423 kg (933 lb)

TACS

36 287 kg-sec

(80 000 lb-sec)

5664 kg

(12 488 lb)

*30623 kg-sec

(67 512 lb-sec)

	SL-1	SL-2	SL-3	SL-4	Totals
.
Launch	14 May 1973 1:30 p.m. EDT	25 May 1973 9:00 a.m. EDT	28 July 1973 7:11 a.m. EDT	16 November 1973 9:01 a.m. EST	-
Recovery	-	22 June 1973 9:49 a.m. EDT	25 Sept. 1973 6:19 p.m. EDT	8 February 1974 11:17 a.m. EDT	-
Launch Vehicle	Saturn V	Saturn 1B	Saturn 1B	Saturn 1B	-
Orbital parameters	431.5 x 433.7 km (268.1 x 269.5 mi)	-	-	-	-
Orbital inclination	50°	-	-	-	-
Orbital period	approx. 93 minutes	-	-	-	-
Distance/orbit	42 768 km (26 575 mi)	-	-	-	-
Distance traveled (manned)	-	18.5 million km (11.5 million mi)	39.4 million km (24.5 million mi)	55.5 million km (34.5 million mi)	113.5 million km (70.5 million mi)
Mission duration	-	28 days 49 minutes	59 days 11 hours 9 minutes	84 days 1 hour 16 minutes	171 days 13 hours 14 minutes
Number of revolutions (manned)	-	404	858	1214	2476
Crew: Commander Pilot Scientist pilot	-	Charles Conrad Paul J. Weitz Joseph Kerwin	Alan L. Bean Jack R. Lousma Owen Garriott	Gerald P. Carr William R. Pogue Edward Gibson	-
Man-hour utilization	-	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)
Medical activities	-	145.3 (7.5)	312.5 (8.0)	366.7 (6.1)	824.5 (6.9)
Solar observations	-	117.2 (6.0)	305.1 (7.8)	519.0 (8.5)	941.3 (7.9)
Earth resources	-	71.4 (3.7)	223.5 (5.7)	274.5 (4.5)	569.4 (4.8)
Other experiments	-	65.4 (3.4)	243.6 (6.2)	403.0 (6.7)	712.0 (6.0)
Sleep, rest and off duty	-	675.6 (34.7)	1224.5 (31.2)	1846.5 (30.5)	3746.6 (31.5)
Pre- and post-sleep and eating	-	477.1 (24.5)	975.7 (24.8)	1384.0 (23.0)	2836.8 (23.8)
Housekeeping	-	103.6 (5.3)	158.4 (4.0)	298.9 (4.9)	560.9 (4.7)
Physical training and personal hygiene	-	56.2 (2.9)	202.2 (5.2)	384.5 (6.4)	642.9 (5.4)
Other (EVA) etc.	-	232.5 (12.0)	279.7 (7.1)	571.4 (9.4)	1083.6 (9.0)
Total	-	1944.3 (100)	3925.2 (100)	6048.5 (100)	11918.0 (100)
Experiment performance	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)	Hours (percent)
Solar astronomy	-	117.2 (29.9)	305.1 (28.2)	519.0 (33.2)	941.3 (31.0)
Earth observations	-	71.4 (18.2)	223.5 (20.6)	274.5 (17.6)	569.4 (18.8)
Student	-	3.7 (0.9)	10.8 (1.0)	14.8 (0.9)	29.3 (0.9)
Astrophysics	-	36.6 (9.4)	103.8 (9.6)	133.8 (8.5)	274.2 (9.0)
Man/systems	-	12.1 (3.1)	117.4 (10.8)	83.0 (5.3)	212.5 (7.0)
Material science	-	5.9 (1.5)	8.4 (0.8)	15.4 (1.0)	29.7 (1.0)
Life science	-	145.3 (37.0)	312.5 (29.0)	366.7 (23.5)	824.5 (27.2)
Kohoutek	-	-	-	156.0 (10.0)	156.0 (5.1)
Totals	-	392.2 (100)	1081.2 (100)	1563.2 (100)	3036.9 (100)
Extravehicular activities
Standup EVA	-	25 May 1973 37 minutes	-	-	-
EVA 1	-	7 June 1973 3 hours 30 minutes	6 August 1973 6 hours 29 minutes	22 November 1973 6 hours 33 minutes	-
EVA 2	-	19 June 1973 1 hour 44 minutes	24 August 1973 4 hours 30 minutes	25 December 1973 7 hours 1 minute	-
EVA 3	-	-	22 September 1973 2 hours 45 minutes	29 December 1973 3 hours 28 minutes	-
EVA 4	-	-	-	8 February 1974 5 hours 19 minutes	-
Totals	-	5 hours 41 minutes	13 hours 44 minutes	22 hours 21 minutes	41 hours 46 minutes
Data returned Solar observations	-	28 739 frames	24 942 frames	73 366 frames	175 047 frames
Earth observations
Film	-	9 846 frames	16 800 frames	19 400 frames	46 146 frames
Magnetic tape	-	13 716 m (45 000 ft)	28 529 m (93 600 ft)	30 480 m (100 000 ft)	72 725 m (238 600 ft)


Experiment Summary	Planned	Actual	Percent Deviation
Earth observation passes	62	99	+ 60
Solar viewing time (above 400 km)	565 hours	724.7 hours	+ 27.5
Manned solar viewing time	879.5 hours	941.3 hours	+ 7.1
Biomedical investigations	701	922	+32
Engineering/technology investigations	264	245	- 3.4
Material/space manufacturing investigations	10	32	+ 220
Astrophysics investigations	168	345	+ 105
Student experiment investigations	44	52	+18
Science demonstrations	26	11	- 42 optional SL-4 only
.

Consumable utilization
	Launch	End of Manned Mission	Consumables Used
.
Water	2722 kg (6000 lb)	776 kg (1710 lb)	1946 kg (4290 lb)
Oxygen	2767 kg (6100 lb)	1254 kg (2764 lb)	1513 kg (3336 lb)
Nitrogen	699 kg (1540 lb)	275 kg (607 lb)	423 kg (933 lb)
TACS	36 287 kg-sec (80 000 lb-sec)	5664 kg (12 488 lb)	*30623 kg-sec (67 512 lb-sec)

* Over 32 percent of the TACS was used during the first 10 days of the mission.

Mission Achievements

SL-2 First Mission

Installed solar shield "parasol" from scientific airlock
Released solar array wing on EVA.
Doubled previous length of time in space.

SL-3 Second Mission

Installed twin-pole solar shield on EVA.
Performed major inflight maintenance.
Doubled previous length of time in space.

SL-4 Third Mission

Observed and photographed Comet Kohoutek
Increased previous length of time in space by about 50%.