¹ For details concerning this transfer, see chapter 13, pp. 238-239.

² Lloyd V. Berkner, op. cit. (see ch. 7, n. 17), p. 478; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit. (see ch. 11, n. 19), pp. 167, 174, 190, 197f, and 200; Johnson Subcommittee Hearings, pp. 557-60 and 1704; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 2 Jan 1957, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 93; min 15th mtg TPESP, 7 Jan 1958; NYT, 1 Feb 1958; ltr, Thomas J. Killiam [Dept/Navy] to J. G. Reid, Jr. [National Academy of Sciences], 20 Feb 1958. For information on the Army's microlock system, see Corliss, The Evolution of STADAN, pp. 57 and 61; and W. K. Victor, H. L. Richter, and J. P. Eyraud, "Explorer Satellite Electronics," IRE Transactions on Military Electronics, vol. MIL-4, nos. 2-3 (April-July 1960), pp. 83-85.

³ Vanguard Planning Officer to Vanguard Director, 17 Dec 1957, Weekly Progress Rpt; 2d endorsement on GLM ltr 0459 of 5 Mar 1958, Dir/NRL to Chief/Naval Research, 1 Apr 1958, sub: Contract Nonr 1817 (00), Project Vanguard Restoration of Launching Complex at AFMTC, Proposal for; memo, Dir/Navy Tests to Office, Information Services, Historical Branch, 13 Jan 1958, sub: Vanguard Project Case History Rpt, Dec 1957; Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 17 Dec 1957, Weekly Progress Rpt; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 23 Dec 1957, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 92; Vanguard Planning Officer to Vanguard Project Director, 31 Dec 1957, Weekly Progress Rpt; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 7 Jan 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 94; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit. (see ch. 11, n. 19), pp. 206f.

⁴ Johnson Subcommittee Hearings, pp. 557f, 560, and 1715; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit. (see ch. 11, n. 19), pp. 197f, 200ff, and 218.

⁵ Wernher von Braun, "The Explorers," in IXth International Astronautical Congress …1958 Proceedings (Amsterdam, 1959), pp. 916-928; NYT, 1 Feb 1958; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit., pp. 204-226; min 16th mtg TPESP, 12 Feb 1958.

⁶ See chapter 11, p. 207.

⁷ Memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 15 Feb 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 98; Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 112f; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit., p. 229.

⁸ Stehling, Project Vanguard, pp. 190 and 206; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations. 25 Feb 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 98; Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 24 Feb 1958, Weekly Progress Rpt; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 28 Feb 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt No. 100; Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 4 Mar 1958, Weekly Progress Rpt; memos, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 7 Mar and 14 Apr 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpts Nos. 101 and 106.

⁹ Min 17th mtg TPESP, 3 Apr 1958; Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 17 Mar 1958, Weekly Progress Rpt; Stehling, Project Vanguard, pp. 211-215; NASA Chronology, p. 141; NYT, 18 Mar 1958; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 21 Mar 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt. No. 102; Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 114f; ltr, Dir/NRL to Dir/ARPA, 15 May 1958, sub: Scientific Satellite Program.

¹⁰ Robert L. Rosholt, An Administrative History of NASA, 1958-1963, NASA SP-4101 (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1966), pp. 6-40; Allison Griffith, The National Aeronautics and Space Act: A Study of the Development of Public Policy (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1962), pp. 9-16; Dwight D. Eisenhower, op. cit. (ch. 11, n. 4), pp. 257f; NYT, 8 Feb 1958; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit. (ch. 11, n. 19), p. 227.

¹¹ Stuhlinger, op. cit. (ch. 11, n. 23), pp. 68f; Medaris and Gordon, op. cit., pp. 240f.

¹² Encl (1), ltr, Chief/Naval Research to Comptroller of the Navy, 26 May 1958, sub: Statement on Current Status of Project Vanguard dated 23 May 1958; ltr, GLM to Chief/ Naval Research, 16 May 1958, sub: Contract Nonr-1817 (00), Project Vanguard Modification of TV-4BU to Provide for Satellite Capability; ltr, GLM to Dir/NRL, 1 May 1958, sub: Contract Nonr-1817 (00), Project Vanguard Employment of High Performance ABL Motor in TV-4BU; Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 12 Apr 1958, Weekly Progress Rpt; memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 7 Apr 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt, No. 103; Memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, sub: Weekly Status Rpt. No. 104; ltr, J. Paul Walsh to Hon. [U.S. Rep] David Dennison, 12 May 1958; ltr, T. Keith Glennan to John P. Hagen, 29 Sept 1958.

¹³ Memo, Chief/Naval Research to Chief/Naval Operations, 1 May 1958, sub: Project Vanguard Weekly Status Rpt. No. 107; ibid., 14 May 1958, Weekly Status Rpt. No. 108; ltr, Dir/NRL to GLM, 11 June 1958, sub: Contract Nonr 1817 (00), Project Vanguard, Correction of Deficiency; Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 114f. For dates and details on the first three mission-vehicle launches, see Appendix I.

¹⁴ Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 116f; interviews, Homer E. Newell, 21 Dec 1967, and Klawans, 9 Jan 1968.

¹⁵ Vanguard Planning Office to Vanguard Project Director, 25 Mar 1958, Weekly Progress Report; Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 20 and 116f.

¹⁶ 8 December 1957.

¹⁷ Public Opinion File, NHF; interview, Hastings and Harloff, 5 June 1968.

¹⁸ The tenth anniversary dinner, a very special occasion, drew 250 veterans of the program, including some members of the media.