index

SP-4306 Engines and Innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American Propulsion Technology

INDEX

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) (U.S.), 168, 188
Aeronautics textbooks, 94
Aircraft engines, 1-15: -air-cooled (radial) vs. liquid-cooled, 6, 7, 8, 23-24 (photo: 100); -effects of Korean War, 142-143; -fuel conservation, 208; -industry vs. government R&D, 8-9, 127; -innovations, 14; -Quiet Engine Program, 203, 204; -superchargers, 24-25
Aircraft Industries Association, 119
Aircraft safety, 109-123: -crash fire research, 117-123; -icing research, 109-117 (photos: 111, 113); -lightning hazards, 120; -seats and seating, 120
Airfoil shapes, 4, 139-140
Air pollution, 204, 205
Air Transport Association, 119
Albers, Lynn U., 102
Alexander, Charles, 161
Algranti, Joseph S., 122
Allen, A.G., 50, 51
Allen, Harvey, 73, 162
Allen, Julian, (photo. 74)
Allis-Chalmers firm, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 66
Allison engine, see General Motors
American Airlines, 117
American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE), 208
American Legion, 151
American Rocket Society, 154
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 102, 104, 137
Ames Aeronautical Research Laboratory (Sunnyvale CA), 6, 53, 110, 111, 112, 114, 162, 164, 179, 181, 196: -transfers icing research to Lewis, 113
Anderson, U.S. Sen. Clinton B. (NM), 185
Anderson, William J., 93
Apollo fire (1967), 123
Apollo, Project, 163, 164, 169, 170, 177, 180, 182, 183, 186, 189, 193 (photo: 194)
Appleby, Margaret, 32
Applications research, 109, 161, 180
Arab oil embargo (1973-74), 206, 208
Armstrong, Neil A., 197
Armstrong Siddeley firm, 66
Army Ballistic Missile Agency, see Marshall Space Flight Center
Arnold, U.S. Army Gen. Henry Harold, 6, 9, 19, 25, 29, 41, 48-49, 51, 57: -(photo: 111); -1942 directive, 19
Astronaut training, 121-122, 213
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) (U.S.), 77-78, 156, 163, 196, 207
AT&T Bell Laboratories (Murray Hill NJ), 181
Ault, Mervin, 193, 213
Automobile engines, 42-43
Aviation Writers Association, 65
Axial-flow compressor, 52, 57, 66, 91, 139-140 (photos: 50, 69, 140, 141, 142)
Ayer, Bruce, 73
Ayres, Eugene, 206-207

B-17 "Flying Fortress" (U.S.), 25
B-29 "Superfortress" (U.S.), 29, 65
Baehr, E.F., 193
Baeurnker, Adolf, 5
Baldwin, L.V., 158
Banks, F Rodwell, 71
Barna, Gerald, 207
Barnett, Henry C., 118
Battelle Institute (Columbus OH), 72
Beam, Walter I., 11
Becker, John, 79
Bee, Project, 155, 166
Bell Aircraft (Buffalo NY), 41: -Airacomet (P-59A), 55, 56
Bell, Lawrence, 11, 19
Benser, William A., 140
Bernardo, Everett, 82 (photo: 83)
Bernatowitz, Daniel T, 207
Berry, Major John, 13
Betz, Albert, 74
BY Goodrich Co. (Akron OH), 110
Big Joe, 121, 177
Bisson, Edmond, 72, 92-93
Black, Dugald 0., 119
Blackshear, Perry, 103
Blunt body theory, 162
Bolton, Rep. Frances P. (Ohio), 65
Botta, U.S. Navy Cdr. Rico, 7
Boeing firm, 204
Boelter, L.M.K., 98, 114
Bogert, U.S. Army Col. H.Z., 132
Boksenbom, A.S., 158
Botz, Ray, 95
Bossart, Karl, 189
Bowden, Dean, 114
Bristol firm, 66
British aviation, 5, 6, 7, 41, 49, 66, 71, 74, 81, 89, 118, 131, 136-138, 139-142, 196: -superiority of engines, 136-138
Brooklyn Bridge, 168
Brown University, 102
Brun, Rinaldo J., 116
Brush Development Co., 90
Buller, Elmer, 121
Bullock, Robert 0., 140
Burton, Harold H., 13
Busch, Arthur M., 119, 121
Busemann, Adolf, 43, 67, 74
Bush, Vannevar, 6, 9, 11, 14, 29, 46, 48, 50-51, 53, 77, 82, 114 (photo: 127): -on competition, 82; -on fundamental research, 71, 84, 89, 180
Business Week, 162
Bussard, Robert W., 184

Caldwell, Frank W, 8
California Institute of Technology, 46, 48
Calvert, Clyde S., 82
Campini, Secondo, 48
Canright, Richard, 155
Cape Canaveral (FL), 121, 169, 190, 192
Carrier Corp., 27, 28, 29
Carrier, George F, 102
Case School of Applied Science (later Case Institute of Technology), 91, 93-97, 150, 156, 163, 177, 195-196
Centaur, see rockets
Childs, Howard, 160, 185
Christie, A.G., 47
City College of New York, 35
Civil Aeronautics Administration, 111, 112, 118-119
Clarke Thomson (Philadelphia), 3
Cleveland (OH), 1-2, 10-11, 177, 204, 205, 212: -advantages as lab site, 10-13, 195-196; -Cuyahoga River, 205; -Hopkins International Airport, 197
Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company, 13
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 21, 182 (cartoon: 80)
Cleveland Press, 36
Cleveland Pneumatic firm, 11, 33
Cohen, Clarence B., 92, 153
Cold War, 97, 136, 144, 159, 161, 162, 213
Collins, John, 71, 136
Columbia University, 152
Communications satellites, 207
Compound engines, 70, 82-85
Compressor research, 139-141
Concorde (British-French), 196
Conger, C.C., 193
Conrad, E.W., 183
Constant, Edward W, 44
Constant, Hayne, 49, 140
Contracts, 192, 202-203
Corn blight, 205
Cornell University, 101
Cortright, Edgar M., 160, 164, 183, 188, 190
Crash photography, 119
Crawford, Frederick C., 10, 13, 177
Crop diseases, 205

Davidson, E.H., 193
DeBus, Kurt H., 190
DeFrance, Smith, 8
De Havilland firm 66, 138, 143
Deissler, Robert, 101
Dennis, WR., 121
Department of Energy (U.S.), 207, 210
Department of Transportation (U.S.), 203, 206
Deutsche Versuchsanstalt (DVL), 5, 25, 66-67, 97
Diesel engines, 23-24
Dietrich, Joseph, 76
Differential analyzer, 114-115 (photo: 115)
Disher, John, 75, 164
Dobson, Wilbur, 188
Doolittle, James, 160 (photo: 121)
Douglas Aircraft firm, 155, 204
Douglas, Donald, 11
Draft, 32-33, 91
Drake, Robert, 101
Dryden, Hugh L., 46, 47, 89-90, 132-134, 136, 149, 151, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163, 170, 180, 181, 185, 195 (photos: 90, 166)
"Dryden Plan," 160, 163
Ducted fan engine design, 48, 55
Dunbar, Russel, 190
Durand, William Frederick, 46-47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54-55 (photo. 47): -visits Langley (1942), 54
Dupont Co., 90



"Earth Satellites and Interplanetary Travel" (1956 lecture), 153-154
Eaton Industries, 11, 33, 196
Ebert, William, 66
Echo project, 193
Eckert, Ernst, 67, 97-98, 101, 103, 104, 153: -heat transfer frontier, 97-99
Ebricke, Krafft, 154, 168
Eisenhower, U.S. Pres. Dwight D., 153, 161, 162, 163, 188 (photo: 166)
Electric propulsion, 154, 156, 161, 162, 177, 179, 185-186, 188, 203, 215 (photo. 188)
Emmy Award (1977), 210
Enders, John H., 112
Energy crisis, 206-210
Energy research, 206-210, 214
Energy Research and Development Administration (U.S. ERDA), 207
Energy Sources: The Wealth of the World, 207
Engineer in Charge, 162
Engineers and Scientists Association, 208
Engines, history of, 43
Englert, Gerald W., 82
English, Robert E., 156, 158, 160, 206, 207
Environmental movement, 204
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (U.S.) 204, 206
Environmental research, 204-206
Ethyl Corp. (Detroit), 7
European aviation, 1, 4, 7, 72
Everett, John, 119
Evvard, John, 72, 74-75, 77, 92, 95, 96, 102, 153, 154, 157, 182, 205 (photo: 93)

Fedden, Roy, 42
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 203
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 152
Finger, Harold B.,,140, 156, 164, 185
Finnegan, Patrick, 207
Fleming, William A,, 182
Flight Magazine, 131
Ford Foundation, Ford, Helen G., 19-20, (photo. 21)
Ford Motor Co., 90
Fordyce, J. Stuart, 204
Fleming, William A., 79
Franz, Anselm, 45, 66, 95, 98
Friction, 92-93
Fuel economy, 205
Fusion research, 77, 207

Gabriel, Dabniel J., 190
Gagg, Rudolf, 13
Gas turbines, 3: -Swampscott (MA) conference (1945), 79
Gas turbine Collaboration Committee (U.K.), 66
Gelder, Thomas, 114
General Accounting Office (U.S. GAO), 152
General Dynamics, 168, 189, 190, 192, 203
General Electric Co., 19, 30, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 79, 81, 109, 130, 131, 132, 133, 143, 144, 184, 204, 208: -fan design contract, 203-204; -Supercharger Division (West Lynn MA), 41; -Steam Turbine Division (Schenectady NY), 47; -selected to copy Whittle engine, 51
General Motors (Allison Division), 7, 8, 46, 81, 90, 130, 132, 133: -Allison engine, 7, 26-27, 81 (photo: 26)
General Motors (Fisher Body Division), 33
German aviation, 1, 4, 5, 6, 19, 25, 41, 43, 46, 57, 66-68, 74, 89, 92: - "buzz bomb" (V-1 "pulse-jet"), 67-68, (photo. 68); -education, 94, 95, 97
Gerstein, Melvin, 153
Gibbon, Louis C., 118
Gildersleeve, Clifford, 10
Gilruth, Robert, 121, 164
Glendinning, W.G.., 118
Glenn, U.S. Marines Col./U.S. Sen. John H., 170, 213
Glennan, I Keith, 94-95, 163, 165, 177, 179, 184-185, 195, 196, 214
(photo: 166)
Goddard, Robert H., 6, 48, 151, 154, 168
Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt MD), 164, 169, 179, 180, 193
Goett, Harry, 164
Gold, Harold, 121
Gordon, S., 158
Gosney, Mary Lou, 35
Graham, Robert W., 156, 158, 168, 206
Gray, Robert, 190
Gray, Vernon, 114 (photo: 115)
Griffith, A.A., 49, 140
Grimwood, James, 161
Grissom, Virgil I. (Gus), 122
Groves, Leslie, 78
Gutstein, Martin U., 207
Gwinn, W.P., 133

Hall, Eldon, 156, 164, 167
Hamilton-Standard Propellers Company, 8
Hansberry, Harvey L., 118
Hansen, Arthur, 195
Hansen, James, 162
Harding junior High School (Lakewood OH), 94, 150
Hardy J.K., 111, 114
Harrison, William, 32
Hartmann, Melvin J., 140
Harvard University, 91, 103
Hawaii, 207
Hayes, Wallace D., 102
Hazon, Ronald, 7
Hawkins, James, 32
Heat transfer, 97-99, 101-103, 114, 168
Heat Transmission, 98
Hemke, Paul E., 91
Heritage Foundation, 213
Hero of Alexandria, 44
Heron, Sam D., 7-8
Herrmann, Charles, 19-20
Hibbard, Robert 205
Hicks, Bruce, 76
High Speed Panel, 72-73
High-speed photography, 24, 72
Himmel, Seymour C., 193
Hindenberg explosion (1937), 168
Hitler, Adolf, 5, 6, 57
Hobbs, Leonard S., 71, 135
Hoffer, Eric, 201
Holliday, William T., 36
Holmes, D. Brainerd, 170, 183
Honeywell (Minneapolis), 121
Hosenball, Neil, 190, 192
Howell, A.R., 140
Hornet engines, 6
Hrones, John, 195
Huff, Vearl, 76
Humble, Leroy V., 82
Hunsaker, Jerome, 76, 81
Hunter, Wilson H., 110 (photo. 111]
Hyatt, Abe, 167
Hyland, Robert E., 158
Hypersonic flight, 153

Ide, John Jay, 5
International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, 208
International Geophysical Year (1957-58), 149, 153, 157
Introduction to the Transfer of Heat and Mass, 101

Jackass Flats (NV), 184
Jackson, Thomas W., 101
Jacobs, Eastman N., 34, 42, 44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 57, 72, 77, 89, 139
Jet propulsion, 1, 23, 41-58, 65, 71, 131, 161: -educational challenge, 91, 95; -no commercial applications seen, 83
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) (CalTech, Pasadena CA), 70-71, 76, 91, 155, 180, 189, 193: -rocket experiments, 75; -transfers from U.S. Army to NASA (1958), 165, 179
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Case), 95
Johash, Edmund R., 160
Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 89, 90, 91, 150
Johnsen, Irving A., 140
Johnson, Robert L., 93
Jonash, Ed, 190
Junkers and Heinkel-Hirth Cos., 66
Jupiter exploration, 202

Kalitinsky, Andrew, 47, 78
Kantrowitz, Arthur, 77, 140
Kaplan, George, 207
Kaufman, Harold R., 188
Keirn, U.S. Col. Donald, 41, 51, 55, 57, 71, 76, 184
Kemper, Carlton, 7, 23, 130, 132 (photos: 24, 74)
Kennedy, U.S. Pres. John F., 169, 182, 195, 197
Kindelberger, Dutch, 11
Kiwanis Clubs, 151
Klapproth, John R, 140
Kline, D.B., 113
Klinghorn, George F., 82 (photo: 83)
Knocking research, 24
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, 103
Korean War (1950-1953), see aircraft engines
Kosmahl, Henry, 208
Krasnican, M.J., 121
Kroon, R.P., 53
Kurzweg, Hermann, 74

Lake Eric, 112, 155, 196, 204, 205
Laminar flow airfoils, 48
Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory (Hampton VA), 3, 7, 8, 52-53, 74, 92, 110, 121, 140, 160, 162, 164, 177, 179, 181, 196: -fusion research, 77; -Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR) plan, 183; -personnel switch to Lewis, 33-35, 72, 91, 92, 152
Lausche, Mayor Frank J., 22, 36
Lewis, George William (1882-1948), 1, 3, 14, 20, 22, 32, 49, 52, 54, 55, 57, 67, 72-73, 75, 136 (photos: 2, 3, 12, ill): -Cleveland lab named after, 84-85; -testifies on budget (1940), 9; -visits Germany (1936), 4-5, 25; -visited by Tizard, 45
Lewis Research Center (Cleveland) (see also NACA): -aeronautics research renewed, 196; -Aerospace Safety Research and Data Institute, 123; -Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory dedication (1943), 36, (photo: 36); -Air Mobility Research and Development Laboratory (U.S. Army), 204; -Altitude Chamber, 132; -Apollo 1 fire (1967), 123; -"Apprenticeship School," 32; -basic research vs. applications, 99, 162, 178-179, 181, 193, 195, 215; -budgets, 196-197, 202-203, 212, 213; -Case Institute of Technology, 93-97, 195-196; -Centaur/Agena project moved from Marshall (1962), 190, 193; -Editorial Office, 32; -energy research, 206-210, 214 (photo: 211); -environmental research, 204-206; -first look by journalists (1945), 65-66; -industry relations, 127, 208; -groundbreaking (1941), 1, 20, 22 (photo: 2); -Heritage Foundation backs closure, 213; -IBM computers, 114, 212; -Jet Propulsion Static Test Laboratory (1943), 42, 57, (photo: 58); -Neil A. Armstrong ties, 197; -Plum Brook facility, 155, 156, 184-185, 201, 206, 207
(photos: 187, 192): -possible transfer to ERDA, 208, 210; -Project Mercury, 119, 180 (photo: 122); -propeller research ceremony, 21-22; -reorganization (1945), 72; -research agenda memo (1945), 69-70; -rocket/space research, 151, 153, 154, 157, 159-161, 168-169, 177, 183, 196-197 (photo: 151); -staff, 65, 89-91, 164, 177, 182, 196, 202-203, 206 ,212, 213, 214; -social life, 35; -supersonic wind tunnel (1949), 73; -technical library, 67; -visit by Rolls Royce group (1955), 143
Lewis, James R, 114
Lewis, William, 111, 112, 114
Ley, Willy, 151
Liberty engine (World War I), 11
Lieblein, Seymour, 140
Lindbergh, Charles, 6: -meets Arnold, 6
Lippisch, Alexander, 98
Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel, 168
Littell, 73
Littlewood, William, 83, 117
Lockheed firm, 203
Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star, 65, 71, (photo: 66)
Lorin, Rene, 68
Los Alamos (NM), 77, 90, 184
Low, George, 101, 153, 164, 208
Lubarsky, Bernard, 158, 160
Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt (LFA), 67, 97
Luidens, Roger, 153
Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), 183
Lundin, Bruce T., 82, 127, 157, 158-159, 161, 181-183, 190, 201-203, 206, 207- 208, 210, 212 (photos: 83, 202): -space research memo (1957), 159-160
Lunney, Glynn S., 121
Lyon, Alfred J., 51

Malina, Frank, 46, 76
Mach-Zehnder interferometer, 98, 101
Malina, Frank, 151
Mandel, George, 67
Manganiello, Eugene, 68, 82, 94, 95-96, 157, 160, 179-180, 184 (photos: 83, 180)
Manhattan Project, 77, 78
Manned Spacecraft Center (later renamed Johnson Space Center) (Houston TX), 169, 205
Marble, Frank, 140
Mariner project, 193, 204
Marks, Lionel S., 91
Martin, Glenn L., 11
Martinuzzi, P.F.., 137
Mars exploration, 154, 156, 157, 177, 183, 185, 193, 202, 215 (photo: 188)
Marshall, U.S. Army Gen. George, 29
Marshall Space Flight Center, 161, 166, 169, 179, 180, 182, 183, 186, 188, 189, 190, 193
Maslen, Steven H., 103, 153, 158, 181
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/Radiation Laboratory, 6, 90, 101, 09, 114, 184: -Lexington Report, 184
MASTIF, 121-122
Matos, Cruz, 207
McAdams, Prof. William H., 29, 98
McCarthy Jr., John F., 210, 212, 213
McDougall, Walter, 162
Mead, George, 6, 7, 8, 9, 31, 129
Medieros, Arthur A., 140
Melzer, Henry, 57
Mendelssohn, Alexander, 102
Mercury (planet) exploration, 202
Mercury, Project, 120, 121-122, 162, 163-164, 165, 170, 177, 180 (photo: 122)
Mergler, Harry, 114, 195
Metropolitan-Vickers, 66
Metzenbaum, U.S. Sen. Howard (Ohio), 213
Meyer, Andre J., 121
Meyer, Richard, 140
Meyer, W.R., 121
Mickelson, William, 160, 185
Miller, Cearcy D., 24, 72
Miller, Philip N., 160
Miller, Riley, 76
Miller, Robert R., 121
Mirels, Harold, 92, 103, 153, 181
Moeckel, Wolfgang C., 72, 92, 153-154, 156, 157, 158, 185-186, 188
Mount Washington Research Station (NH), 114
Moon (Earth's) exploration, 157, 158, 162, 164, 166, 169, 182-183, 188, 189, 204
Moore, Charles Stanley, 20
Moore, Franklin K., 92, 103
Moore-Brabizon, British Lt. Col. J.T.C., 49
Morris, Dorothy, 67
Moss, Sanford, 42
Mroz, Thaddeus S., 207
Munk, Max, 91
Muroc Dry Lake (CA), 19, 54, 55

NACA Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (Cleveland), 1, 8, 9: -first budget, 9-10; -site selection, 10, 11, 12, 13; -renamed Flight Propulsion Research Laboratory (1947), 84; -renamed Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (1948), 84
NACA Graduate Study Leave Act (1950), 96
NACA Special Committee on jet Propulsion (Durand Committee), 46-51, 53, 55, 89: -special Washington meeting (1942), 55; -drops Jacobs'jeep project (1943), 56
NACA Subcommittee on Rocket Engines, 151
Nahigyan, Kervork K., 42, 55, 57
National Academy of Engineering, 103
National Academy of Sciences, 153
National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), 56-57: -agreement on nuclear propulsion with AEC (1948), 1-8, 156; -Alsos mission (1945), 66-67, 71, 76; -budget problems, 151-152, 162; -creation (1915), 2; -between the two world wars, 3, 79; -McCarthism's impact on, 151-152; -place in aviation, 34, 74, 79, 135; -reports process, 32, 67, 74; -space research, 149, 155, 157, 161; -staff, 161; -transition into NASA (1958), 163-166, 168, 170, 179; --"Young Turks Dinner" (1957), 160
National Aeronautical Research Policy (1946), 70, 84
National Air Races, 11, 13, 14 (photo: 14)
National Bureau of Standards (U.S.), 2, 23, 89: -Buckingham report (1923), 43
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 46, 89
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 84, 121-123, 161, 162: -budget, 169, 196-197, 201; -relationship with military, 204; -transition from NACA (1958), 163-166, 168, 170, 179 (photo. 167)
National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958), 163, 179
National Research Council of Canada, 114
National Research Council (U.S.), 212, 215
National Science Foundation (NSF) (U.S.), 163, 207
Naval Aircraft Factory (Philadelphia), 8, 9
Naval Research Laboratory (Washington DC), 70-71, 153, 164
"Needle engine," 133
Newell, Homer D., 188
Nettles, Cary, 190
Newton, Gaylord W, 7
Newton's Third Law of Motion, 43-44
New York Times, 178
Nicks, Oran, 164
Nixon, U.S. Pres Richard M., 207
North American Aviation, 123
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 144
North, Warren, 164
Nuclear propulsion, 70, 77-78, 84, 154, 156, 158, 161, 162, 179, 185 (photos: 78; cartoon: 80): -at Lewis (1945-1972), 77-78, 156, 177, 182-185, 203, 215; -Nuclear Energy Propulsion for Aircraft (NEPA), 78, 184-185; -Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Applications (NERVA) (Rover), 185
Nutt, Arthur, 7

Oakar, U.S. Rep. Mary Rose (Ohio), 213
Oberth, Hermann, 154, 168
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) (U.S.), 29, 77
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (TN), 78, 90, 184, 206
Ohio State University, 98, 168
Ohio State Law School, 190
Olson, Walter T., 72, 75-76, 91, 97, 157, 158, 160 (photo: 98): -advocates rocket/space research, 154, 158-159; -visits England (1947), 138
Operation Paperclip, 74, 98
Ordin, Paul, 76, 158
Origins of the Turbojet Revolution, 44
Ostrach, Simon, 102-103, 181, 195
Oswatitsch, Klemens, 74
Oswatitsch, Herman, 92

Packard Co., 81
Page, U.S. Col. Edwin R., 7, 42 (photo: 43)
Palasics, John, 82
Pan Am, 117
Pease, Donald. J., 213
Perkins, Porter, 116
Perl, William, 92, 102: -arrested in Rosenbergs case, 151-152
Perry, Len, 190, 192
Pesman, Gerald J., 118, 119, 121
Petroleum industry, 7
Photos, 204
Pinkel, Benjamin (Ben), 25, 26-27, 31, 41, 42, 55, 71, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 102-103, 113, 123, 129, 132, 141, 184 (photo: 83)
Pinkel, Irving, 72, 112, 113, 117, 119, 121, 157 (photo., 121)
Piston engines, 69, 81, 82, 102
Pittsburgh-Des Moines Steel Co., 27
Plohr, H. Warren, 121, 193
Plum Brook facility, see Lewis Research Center
Prandtl, Ludwig, 5, 97-98
Pratt & Whitney company (CT), 1, 8, 19, 23, 46, 66, 71, 81, 84, 119, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 143-144, 168-169, 184, 189, 204, 208
(photos: 143, 191)
Preston, G. Merritt, 119, 121
Proprietary rights, 129-136
Prutton, Carl, 97
Puckett, Allen, 92
Puerto Rico, 207
Purdue University, 101
Putnam, Palmer, 207

Quitter, John, 190

Rabb, Leonard, 121
Rail accelerator, 157
Rarnjets ("flying stovepipes"), 65, 68, 70, 76, 92, 157
Ranger project, 193
Ravenna Arsenal (Ohio) crash tests, 119-120 (photo: 120)
Ray, Dixy Lee, 207
Rayle, Warren, 207
Raytheon Corp., 103
RCA firm, 170
Reagan, U.S. Pres. Ronald W., 213
Reciprocating engines, 70
Redding, Arnold, 140
Reflections on Big Science, 206
Reid, Henry, 51, 55, 66, 160
Reiss, Sam, 67
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 91, 164
Rentschler, Frederick B., 6
Reshotko, Eli, 91, 153, 195
Ribner, Herbert, 92
Rickover, U.S. Adm. Hyman, 103
Ritter, William K., 140
Robbins, William (Red), 213
Robinson, Russell, 66-67, 73, (photo: 74)
Rockets, 6, 8, 48, 65, 69-70, 72, 75-76, 121-122, 149-151, 154, 155, 158, 161, 164, 166-169 (photos: 151, 152, 158): -Agena, 193, 197; -Atlas, 121, 168, 169, 177, 189, 197, 201 (photo: 192); -Centaur, 84, 166-169, 179, 188-190, 193, 201 (photo: 192); -fuels, 76, 84, 150, 151, 155, 162, 166-168, 193 (photo: 156); -Nova, 182, 183; -Rover/NERVA, 184; -Saturn, 166-169, 179, 182-183, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201; -Soviet, 151; -Space Shuttle main engines, 202; -Thor, 193; -Titan, 197; -V-2s, 6, 72, 75, 77, 99, 154
Rodert, Lewis A., 110, 111, 118, 120 (photo: 112)
Rohsenow, Warren, 101
Rolls Royce Co., 66, 81, 132, 136, 142, 143-144: -Avon engine, 138, 144; -Nene engine, 131, 132-135, 138 (photo: 133); -Tay engine, 143
Rom, Frank E., 158, 184
Rosenbergs, Ethel and Julius, 152
Rosenblum, Louis, 204, 207
Rothrock, Addison, 23, 31-32, 71-72, 76, 90, 157 (photos: 73, 74)
Rover firm, 66
R.P. Carbone Construction Co., 20
Rutgers University, 98
Ryschkewitsch, Eugen, 98

Sam W. Emerson Co., 21
Sams, Eldon W., 158
Sanders, John C., 82, 102 (photo: 83)
Sanders, Newell D., 82, 157, 164 (photo: 83)
Saturn (planet) exploration, 202
Saturn (rocket), see rockets
Savino, Joseph M., 207
Scarlott, Charles, 207
Schey, Oscar, 24-25, 71-72, 79, 127, 136
Schlichting, Herman, 67
Schmidt, Ernst, 67, 97, 102-103
Schwenk, Francis C., 164
Schwartz, Harvey, 207
Science (AAAS), 6
Science, the Endless Frontier, 181
Schelp, Helmut, 98
Schueller, Carl F., 183
Seamans, Robert, 169, 189
Sears, William, 92
Selden, RY, 118
Serafini, John, 116
Sharp, Edward Raymond (Ray), 20-21, 27, 32, 35, 36, 41, 71, 73, 90, 141, 153, 166, 170, 212
(photos: 22, 121)
Shepherd, Alan B., 122, 170
Shoults, D. Roy, 49, 51, 184
Shure, Lloyd, 207
Siegel, Robert, 101
Siekel, George, 207
Silverstein, Abe, 27, 30, 58, 71, 73-74, 79, 81, 91-92, 94, 97, 99, 102, 112, 118, 137, 150, 153, 155-157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169-170, 177-183, 184-186, 188-190, 192-193, 197, 202, 203, 212
(photos: 74, 165, 194, 197): -retirement (1969), 197; -landing landing "O.K." memo (1960), 164
Simkinson, Scott, 121
Simon, Harlan, 190, 192
Simon, Sidney, 77
Sloop, John, 76, 150-151, 158, 168
Smithsonian Institution, 2
S. Morgan Smith Co., 207
Society of Automotive Engineers, 151
Soderberg, C. Richard, 47
Solar energy on Earth, 207-208
Solar propulsion, 154, 186, 205: -Sunflower, 186
Soviet aviation research, 82, 132, 135
Space age, 158
Space debate (post-Sputnik), 158-162
"Space cadets," 157
Space Task Force, 121
Space Shuttle, 201, 202, 214
Space Nuclear Propulsion Office (NASA-AEC), 185
Space Station, 214
Sparrow, Ephraim M., 103
Spitfire (British), 25
Sputnik, 149, 157-158, 162
Squires, Arthur, 193
Stack, John, 73, 160, (photo: 74)
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 90
Standard Oil of Ohio, 90
Stanford University, 91
Stanitz, John, 139
Stein, Samuel, 202
Stevenson, Jr., A.R., 50, 53
Stever, H. Guyford, 163 (photo: 165)
Stever, Committee, (photo: 165)
Stofan, Andrew, J., 213
Stokes, Louis, 213
Stradivari, Antonio, 32
Strip mining, 205
Stuhlinger, Ernst, 154, 188
Summerfield, Martin, 76
Surveyor program, 169, 189, 192, 204
Supersonic flight, 70, 72-75, 92, 157, 196
Swenson, Loyd, 161

Taylor, Edward, 71, 135
Thermal Radiation and Heat Transfer, 101
Thomas, Lewis, 204
Thomas, Ronald L., 207
Thomas, U.S. Rep. Albert, 152-153
Thompson, Floyd, 160
Thompson Products (later TRW), 10, 30, 33, 90, 186, 196
Tischler, A.O., 158, 167
Tizard, Sir Henry: -visits U.S. (1940), 45-46, 47
Towers, U.S, Rear Adm. John H., 9, 46
Tozier, Robert, 32
Trans World (TWA), 117
Traupel, Walter, 140
Traveling wave tube, 208 (photo: 210)
Treatise on Space Travel (1903), 168
Tribology 92-93
Truman, U.S, Pres. Harry S., 81 (photo. 112): -orders crash fire program, 119
Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin, 168
Turbofan technology, 203
Turbojet engines, 19, 30, 41, 65, 66, 70, 71, 79, 155, 157, 177 (photos: 56, 143): -first flight (1939), 45; -in commercial use, 115-117, 143
Turboprops, advanced, 208 (photo. 211)
Turner, Leroy, 92

United Aircraft, 83
United Technologies (Hamilton-Standard), 208
U.S. Air Force, 84, 98, 112, 119, 134, 136, 137, 149, 155, 162, 168, 184, 193, 196, 204, 212
U.S. Army, 2, 55, 57, 81, 84, 119, 149, 151, 165-166, 204
U.S. Army Air Corps./Army Air Forces, 73, 75, 78, 79, 84, 118, 130, 131, 132
U.S. Army Power Plants Laboratory (Dayton OH), 6, 8, 9
U.S. Navy, 2, 53, 55, 81, 84, 131, 132, 149, 161, 162, 164: -Terrier and Talos missiles, 84
U.S. Weather Bureau, 2, 111
University of Akron, 190
University of California at Berkeley, 98
University of California at Los Angeles, 98, 114
University of Minnesota, 101, 103, 206
University of Pennsylvania, 113
University of Rhode Island, 102
Uranus exploration, 202
Useller, James W., 122

Vanguard satellite program, 153, 157, 161, 164
Venus exploration, 193, 202, 204
Vermont, 207
Verne, Jules, 182
Victory, John, 4, 10-11, 13, 90, 129, 157
Vietnam War, 196-197
Viking, Project, 204
Von Braun, Wernher (1912-1977), 6, 153, 161, 165, 166-170, 182, 183, 188-189, 193 (photo: 194)
Von Glahn, Uwe, 114
Von Karman, Theodore, 46, 76, 89, 92, 102, 129, 152
Von Ohain, Hans, 43-45, 66, 95, 97-98, 137
V-2 rocket, see rockets

Walker, Ernest, 119
Warfare, 1, 15
Warner, Edward P., 135
War on Poverty, 196-197
Warshawsky, Isidore, 32, 160
Wasielewski, Eugene, 49, 139
Wasp engines, 6
Water pollution, 204
Way, Stuart, 53
Weatherhead Co., 90
Weather satellites, 164
Webb, James E., 123, 169, 177, 195 (photo: 178)
Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (1929), 154
Weinberg, Alvin, 206
Weiss, Sol, 119
Weske, John R., 91
Westinghouse firm, 47, 52, 53, 54, 58, 81, 131, 132, 133, 137, 139, 142 (photo: 142)
Weston, M., 193
Westover, U.S. Gen. Oscar, 5
Whitaker, Halbert, 114
Whitney, Ernest G., 8, 20
Whittle, Frank, 136, 139
Whittle, British Air Commodore Frank, 41, 43-45: -Power jets Ltd., 47, 50, 65
Whittle engine, 49-51, 55, 56, 58
Wind energy (turbines), 207 (photo: 209)
Wind tunnels, 3, 4, 8, 12, 14-15, 53, 73-75, 90-91, 110, 113, 143, 163, 164, 202, 204: -Altitude Wind Tunnel (Lewis) (opened 1944), 27-31, 58, 73, 81-82, 110, 121-122, 127, 132, 144, 177, 213
(photos: 28, 66, 142, 143): -"duct tunnels" (Lewis), 74, 102 (photo: 75); -German, 66-67, 73; -Icing Research Tunnel (Lewis) (1944-1957, reopened 1978), 27, 110 (photos: 116, 117); "stack tunnels" (Lewis), 74; -supersonic, 66-67, 72-75; -Unitary Wind Tunnels Plan (1949), 73, 136
Wing Tips (Lewis newspaper, later Orbit and Lewis News), 25, 33-35, 201
Wolfenstein, Lincoln, 140
Women workers, 33-34, 114-115 (photo: 115)
Wright Aeronautical company (OH), 1, 6, 7, 8, 19, 23, 46, 50, 66, 81, 130 (photo: 30)
Wright Brothers (Wilbur and Orville), 1, 13, 34, 36 (photo: 36)
Wright Cyclone engine, 22, 29, 30
Wright, Lyle, 208
Wu, Chung-Hua, 140
Wyatt, Demarquis D., 73, 74, 75, 160, 163-164, 169
Wynne, William, 119

X-1, 157
X-15, 162

Yale University, 94, 110
"Yankee" turbojet, 53-54, 137

Yeager, Chuck, 157
Young, Anthony, 110
Young, Pearl, 32, 34

Zelanko, Charles, 110
Zobel, Theodor, 67, 98
Zucrow, Maurice, 151