[85] The following tables present key information for all NASA sounding rocket flights.
Key to sounding rocket nomenclature:
Sounding rocket type code
|
1. |
Aerobee 100 |
|
2. |
Arcon |
|
3. |
Nike-Asp |
|
4. |
Aerobee 150/150A |
|
5. |
Iris |
|
6. |
Aerobee 300 |
|
7. |
Jason (Argo E-5) |
|
8. |
Javelin (Argo D-4) |
|
9. |
Skylark |
|
10. |
Nike-Cajun |
|
11. |
Journeyman (Argo D-8) |
|
12. |
Special projects |
|
13. |
Aerobee 170 |
|
14. |
Nike-Apache |
|
15. |
Arcas |
|
16. |
Astrobee 1500 |
|
Aerobee 350 | |
|
18. |
Nike-Tomahawk |
|
19. |
Black Brant IV |
Experimenter affiliation code
|
A |
Government agency other than NASA or the Department of Defense |
|
C |
Industrial |
|
D |
Department of Defense |
|
G |
Goddard Space Flight Center |
|
I |
International |
|
N |
NASA center other than Goddard Space Flight Center |
|
U |
College or university |
Experiment code
|
A |
Aeronomy |
|
B |
Biology |
|
E |
Particles and fields |
|
G |
Galactic astronomy |
|
I |
Ionospheric physics |
|
N |
Meteorology |
|
P |
Special projects |
|
R |
Radio astronomy |
|
S |
Solar physics |
|
T |
Test and support |
Firing site abbreviations
|
ARG |
Chamical, Argentina |
|
ASC |
Ascension Island, South Atlantic |
|
AUS |
Woomera, Australia |
|
BRAZ |
Natal, Brazil |
|
BRAZ-A |
Rio Grande Beach, Brazil |
|
EGL |
Eglin Air Force Base, Fla. |
|
FC |
Fort Churchill, Canada |
|
IND |
Thumba, India |
|
ITALY |
Sardinia, Italy |
|
NOR |
Andoya, Norway |
|
NZ |
Karikari, New Zealand |
|
PAK |
Karachi, Pakistan |
|
PB |
Point Barrow, Alaska |
|
PMR |
Pacific Missile Range, Calif. |
|
RB |
Resolute Bay, Canada |
|
SUR |
Coronie, Surinam |
|
SWE |
Kronogard, Sweden |
|
Wl |
Wallops Island, Va. |
|
WS |
White Sands, N. Mex. |
Affiliation abbreviations
|
AFCRL |
Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories |
|
AIL |
Airborne Instruments Laboratory |
|
American Science and Engineering | |
|
BRL |
Ballistic Research Laboratories |
|
BuStds |
National Bureau of Standards |
|
CRPL |
Central Radio Propagation Laboratory (National Bureau of Standards) |
|
DRTE |
Canadian Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment |
|
ESSA |
Environmental Science Services Administration |
|
GCA |
Geophysics Corporation of America |
|
GSFC |
Goddard Space Flight Center |
|
JHU |
Johns Hopkins University |
|
JPL |
Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
|
LaRC |
NASA Langley Research Center |
|
LeRC |
NASA Lewis Research Center |
|
MSC |
NASA Manned Spacecraft Center |
|
NCAR |
National Center for Atmospheric Research |
|
NOTS |
Naval Ordnance Test Station |
|
NRL |
Naval Research Laboratory |
|
NYU |
New York University |
|
SCAS |
Southwest Center for Advanced Studies |
[88-103] Aeronomy.
[103-109] Particles & Fields.
[109-118] Ionospheric Physics.
[118-126] Solar Physics; Galactic Astronomy; Radio Astronomy.
[126-131] Biology; Special Projects; Test & Support.
[132-138] Meteorology.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1959 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
3.13 CA |
Aug. 17 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.14 CA |
Aug. 19 |
WI |
X |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
3.15 CA |
Nov. 18 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.16 CA |
Nov. 19 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
3.17 CA |
Nov. 20 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1960 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
4.09 GA |
Apr. 29 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Horowitz |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
3.23 CA |
May 24 |
WI |
X |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
3.24 CA |
May 25 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.03 GA |
June 16 |
WI |
P |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.04 GA |
July 9 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.01 GA |
July 14 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.05 CA |
Sept. 20 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.09 UA |
Nov. 2 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
X |
|
8.04 CA |
Nov. 10 |
WI |
S |
Lockheed/Dubin |
Ionosphere |
P |
|
4.14 GA |
Nov. 15 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Taylor |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
10.10 UA |
Nov. 16 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
10.11 CA |
Dec. 9 |
WI |
X |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
10.12 CA |
Dec. 9 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
8.05 CA |
Dec. 10 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.06 GA |
Dec. 14 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
S |
|
NASA rocket |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1961 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
10.07 GA |
Feb. 14 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.08 GA |
Feb. 17 |
Wl |
P |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.33 GA |
Apr. 5 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Nordberg |
Grenade |
P |
|
3.05 CA |
Apr. 19 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.06 CA |
Apr. 21 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.07 CA |
Apr. 21 |
Wl |
X |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
3.08 CA |
Apr. 21 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.34 GA |
Apr. 27 |
Wl |
X |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.02 GA |
May 5 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.28 GA |
May 6 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.29 GA |
May 9 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
P |
|
10.50 UA |
June 6 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.56 UA |
June 9 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
X |
|
10.30 GA |
July 13 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.31 GA |
July 14 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.32 GA |
July 20 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.35 GA |
July 21 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.57 UA |
July 26 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
X |
|
8.06 CA |
Sept. 13 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
8.22 CA |
Sept. 13 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.09 CA |
Sept. 16 |
Wl |
X |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
3.18 CA |
Sept. 16 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.36 GA |
Sept. 16 |
Wl |
P |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
P |
|
10.37 GA |
Sept. 17 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
3.19 CA |
Sept. 17 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
1.08 GA |
Sept. 23 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
1.09 GA |
Sept. 30 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
8.23 GA |
Oct. 10 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Taylor |
Ionosphere |
S |
|
1.10 GA |
Oct. 15 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
1.07 GA |
Oct. 17 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
NASA rocket |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1961 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
1.11 GA |
Nov 2 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
1.12 GA |
Nov. 5 |
FC |
S |
Varian/Martin |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.72 NA |
Nov. 18 |
WI |
S |
LaRC/Hord |
|
S |
|
10.64 GA |
Dec. 21 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Spencer |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1962 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
10.90 UA |
Feb. 20 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
10.100 CA |
Mar. 1 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.38 GA |
Mar. 2 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.101 CA |
Mar. 2 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.39 GA |
Mar. 2 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
4.18 GA |
Mar. 19 |
WI |
X |
U. Mich./Spencer |
Atmospheric structure |
X |
|
10.102 CA |
Mar. 23 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.40 GA |
Mar. 23 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.103 CA |
Mar. 27 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.41 GA |
Mar. 28 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.79 NA |
Apr. 5 |
WI |
S |
LeRC/Potter |
Ozone |
S |
|
10.42 GA |
Apr. 17 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
3.20 CA |
Apr. 17 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
5.04 GA |
May 3 |
WI |
P |
GSFC/Taylor |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.91 UA |
May 18 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
14.19 UA |
June 6 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Spencer |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.43 GA |
June 7 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
3.21 CA |
June 7 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
3.22 CA |
June 7 |
WI |
X |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
Rehbar 1 (Nike-Cajun) |
June 7 |
PAK |
S |
GSFC/Mustafa |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
10.44 GA |
June 8 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
Rehbar 2 (Nike-Cajun) |
June 11 |
PAK |
S |
GSFC/Mustafa |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
K63-1 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. 7 |
SWE |
S |
GSFC/Witt |
Air sample |
S |
|
K-62-3 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. 11 |
SWE |
S |
GSFC/Witt |
Air sample |
S |
|
K-624 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. 11 |
SWE |
S |
GSFC/Witt |
Air sample |
P |
|
14.30 CA |
Aug. 23 |
WI |
P |
Lockheed/Depew |
Atmospheric structure |
X |
|
K-62-5 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. 31 |
SWE |
S |
GSFC/Witt |
Air sample |
X |
|
1.13 NA |
Sept. 6 |
WS |
S |
JPL/Barth |
Ultraviolet airglow |
S |
|
14.16 CA |
Nov. 7 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium |
S |
|
10.65 GA |
Nov. 16 |
FC |
X |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
1.14 NA |
Nov. 20 |
WS |
X |
JPL/Barth |
Ultraviolet airglow |
X |
|
6.06 GA |
Nov. 20 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Brace |
Thermosphere probe |
S |
|
14.17 CA |
Nov.30 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.20 UA |
Dec. 1 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Spencer |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.45 GA |
Dec. 1 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.68 GA |
Dec. 1 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
14.45 AA |
Dec. 1 |
EGL |
S |
AFCRL/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
14.46 AA |
Dec. 3 |
EGL |
S |
AFCRL/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
P |
|
10.46 GA |
Dec. 4 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
10.67 GA |
Dec. 4 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.18 CA |
Dec. 5 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
P |
|
10.47 GA |
Dec. 6 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.66 GA |
Dec. 6 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
4.74 UA |
Dec. 13 |
WI |
X |
JHU/Dubin |
Airglow |
X |
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1963 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
10.80 NA |
Jan. 17 |
WI |
S |
LeRC/Potter |
Ozone |
S |
|
4.73 UA |
Jan. 29 |
WI |
X |
JHU/Dubin |
Airglow |
X |
|
3.11 CA |
Feb. 18 |
Wl |
X |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
14.35 CA |
Feb. 20 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.48 GA |
Feb. 20 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.58 GA |
Feb. 20 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.39 CA |
Feb. 21 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.53 GA |
Feb. 28 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.59 GA |
Feb. 28 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.54 GA |
Mar. 9 |
Wl |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.60 GA |
Mar. 9 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.08 UA |
Mar. 28 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
14.09 UA |
Mar. 28 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
X |
|
6.07 GA |
Apr. 18 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Brace |
Thermosphere probe |
S |
|
4.98 UA |
May 7 |
Wl |
S |
JHU/Dubin |
Airglow |
S |
|
14.110 CA |
May 8 |
Wl |
S |
Lockheed/Bordeau |
Massenfilter |
X |
|
10.77 IA |
May 16 |
PAK |
S |
GSFC/Pakistan |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
14.140 DA |
May 18 |
EGL |
S |
ARCRL-Ga. Tech. |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.141 DA |
May 18 |
EGL |
S |
AFCRL-Ga. Tech. |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.137 IA |
May 20 |
ITALY |
S |
Italy |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.138 IA |
May 21 |
ITALY |
S |
Italy |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.139 IA |
May 21 |
ITALY |
S |
Italy |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.13 CA |
May 22 |
FC |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.14 CA |
May 22 |
FC |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
10.130 DA |
May 22 |
EGL |
S |
AFCRL-Ga. Tech. |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.14 CA |
May 23 |
FC |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.40 CA |
May 24 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.41 CA |
May 24 |
Wl |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
14.42 CA |
May 25 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
4.75 UA |
July 20 |
FC |
X |
JHU/Dubin |
Airglow |
X |
|
K63-1 (Nike-Cajun) |
July 27 |
SWE |
S |
SWE/Witt |
Grenade |
S |
|
K63-2 (Nike-Cajun) |
July 29 |
SWE |
S |
SWE/Witt |
Grenade |
S |
|
K63-3 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. I |
SWE |
S |
SWE/Witt |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.75 UA |
Aug. 2 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Holtz |
Atmospheric density |
S |
|
K634 (Nike-Cajun) |
Aug. 7 |
SWE |
S |
SWE/Witt |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.92 NA |
Sept. 25 |
WI |
S |
LaRC |
Chemical release |
|
|
10.93 NA |
Sept. 25 |
WI |
S |
LaRC |
Chemical release |
S |
|
14.102 NA |
Oct. 9 |
WI |
S |
LeRC/Potter |
Chemical release |
S |
|
14.103 NA |
Oct. 10 |
WI |
S |
LeRC/Potter |
Chemical release |
S |
|
4.76 UA |
Nov. 12 |
WI |
S |
JHU/Dubin |
Airglow |
S |
|
4.85 NA |
Nov. 18 |
WI |
S |
JPL/Barth |
Airglow |
S |
|
14.128 IA |
Nov. 21 |
IND |
S |
India/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
P |
|
14.10 UA |
Nov. 26 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric composition |
S |
|
10.131 UA |
Nov. 26 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric density |
S |
|
10.55 GA |
Dec. 7 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.21 UA |
Dec. 7 |
Wl |
S |
U. Mich./Theon |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
. | ||||||
|
. |
1964 |
. | ||||
|
. | ||||||
|
14.129 IA |
Jan. 8 |
IND |
S |
India/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.130 IA |
Jan. 12 |
IND |
S |
India/Dubin |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.38 CA |
Jan. 15 |
WI |
X |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
14.106 CA |
Jan. 15 |
WI |
P |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.125 CA |
Jan. 16 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.126 CA |
Jan. 16 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
8.31 DA |
Jan. 17 |
WI |
S |
NRL/Dubin |
Composition;airglow |
S |
|
10.61 GA |
Jan. 24 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.86 GA |
Jan. 24 |
FC |
X |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
X |
|
6.09 GA |
Jan. 29 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Brace |
Thermosphere probe |
S |
|
10.71 GA |
Jan. 29 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.89 GA |
Jan. 29 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.81 GA |
Jan. 29 |
ASC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.22 UA |
Feb. 4 |
ASC |
S |
U. Mich./Smith |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.62 GA |
Feb. 4 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.87 GA |
Feb. 5 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.63 GA |
Feb. 5 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.136 GA |
Feb. 13 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.82 GA |
Feb. 13 |
ASC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.88 GA |
Feb. 13 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
4.124 UA |
Feb. 27 |
FC |
P |
JHU/Dubin |
Aurora |
S |
|
10.137 GA |
Mar. 7 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
14.134 IA |
Apr. 9 |
PAK |
S |
Pakistan |
Sodium vapor |
X |
|
4.86 NA |
Apr. 14 |
WS |
X |
JPL |
Airglow |
X |
|
14.24 UA |
Apr. 15 |
ASC |
S |
U. Mich./Smith |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
14.23 UA |
Apr. 15 |
ASC |
S |
U. Mich./Smith |
Atmospheric structure |
S |
|
10.142 UA |
Apr. 17 |
WI |
S |
U. Mich./Dubin |
Atmospheric density |
S |
|
10.73 GA |
Apr. 18 |
FC |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
10.83 GA |
Apr. 18 |
WI |
S |
GSFC/Smith |
Grenade |
S |
|
4.113 GA-GI |
Apr. 21 |
WS |
X |
GSFC/Aikin |
Astrochemistry; ionosphere |
X |
|
14.54 DA |
May 28 |
WS |
X |
AFCRL/Smith |
Air sampling |
X |
|
14.49 CA |
July 15 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.50 CA |
July 15 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.51 CA |
July 15 |
WI |
S |
GCA/Smith |
Sodium vapor |
S |
|
14.52 CA |
July 15 |
WI |
S |