Appendices
Appendix I
Biographies of Members
Chairman:
Norman R Augustine. Mr. Augustine is Chairman and CEO of the Martin Marietta Corporation. He has previously served as the Under Secretary of the Army, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Development and as an Assistant Director of Defense Research and Engineering in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. He is an Honorary Fellow and former President of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and is a Fellow of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers. He has served as Chairman of the Defense Science Board and of the Aeronautics Panel of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. He is the author of several books including one on the management of large technical projects and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He currently serves as Vice President of the Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Augustine holds Bachelors and Masters degrees in aeronautical engineering from Princeton University and has three honorary doctorate degrees.
Vice-Chairman:
Laurel L. Wilkening. Dr. Wilkening is the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University of Washington, where she is also Professor of Geological Sciences and Adjunct Professor of Astronomy. Prior to going to the University of Washington, she was Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate College and Professor of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona. She also served as Director of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory ~here from 1981- 1983. As a planetary scientist, her areas of research are meteorites, asteroids, and comets. The book Comets~ which she edited in 1982, is a widely used reference on the topic. In 1985, President Reagan appointed her Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Space. Dr. Wilkening earned a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of California, San Diego in 1970, and a B.A. in chemistry from Reed College, Portland, Oregon in 1966.
Members:
Edward C. "Pete" Aldridge, Jr. Mr. Aldridge is currently President, McDonnell Douglas Electronic Systems Company, in McLean, Virginia. prior to this position, Mr. Aldridge was Secretary of the Air Force from 1986-1988. He joined the Reagan Administration in 1981 as the Under Secretary of the Air Force, in which one of his key responsibilities was coordinating the Air Force and national security space activities. Mr. Aldridge was in astronaut training before the Challenger accident. He has held numerous management positions in government (Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of Management and Budget) and the aerospace industry (System Planning Corporation, LTV Corp and Douglas Aircraft Co. ). Mr. Aldridge was an advisor on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) in 1970-72. He holds a B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from Texas A&M University and an M.S. in aeronautical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology.
Joseph P. Allen. Dr. Allen is currently President, Space Industries, Inc., in Houston, Texas. From 1967 until his employment with the company, Dr. Allen served as an astronaut with NASA. His management duties involved astronaut candidate selection and training and he additionally served as a ground support crewman and CAPCOM for Apollo 15, Apollo 17 and STS-l. He flew as a prime crew member on STS-5, the first Shuttle flight to deploy cargo in space, and on STS 51-A, the first space flight to salvage equipment from space. Dr. Allen also served at NASA Headquarters as Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs from 1975-1978. He is the author of Entering Space, a personal account of the space flight experience, and published widely in the fields of science education and nuclear physics research. Dr. Allen received an undergraduate degree in mathematics and physics from DePauw University and holds Masters and Doctorate degrees in physics from Yale University.
D. James Baker. Dr. Baker is President of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. in Washington, D.C., and Distinguished Visiting Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He is author of Planet Earth -- The View from Space (Harvard University, 1990). He is a member of the National Research Council Committee on Global Change and the Ocean Studies Board, and is an officer of the international Joint Scientific Committee for the World Climate Research Programme. He has served as Chairman of the NRC Panel to Review the Earth Observing System and Chairman of the NASA Center Science Assessment Team. He has served as a member of the NRC Space Studies Board, the NASA Space and Earth Science Advisory Committee, and the Department of Commerce Committee on Commercialization of Landsat. He is President of the Oceanography Society and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Baker has published more than 80 papers on oceanography and space and held positions at the University of Washington and Harvard University. He has a B.S. in physics from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in physics from Cornell University.
Edward P. Boland. Congressman Boland was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives in 1953 and served continuously through the end of the 100th Congress in 1988. In 1955 he joined the Committee on Appropriations and was a member of the Independent Offices (now the VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies) Subcommittee. In 1971, he became Chairman of this subcommittee and dealt with several scientific agencies including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (formerly the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics), the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He also served as Chairman of the first House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence overseeing the budgets of the Central Intelligence Agency, and other intelligence related agencies. In 1983, Congressman Boland received the Olin E. Teague Space Award in recognition of his outstanding guidance and dynamic leadership in space science. In 1986, he received the National Science Foundation Distinguished Public Service Award presented in recognition of his contribution to the progress of science, engineering, and mathematics. He attended Boston College Law School.
Daniel J. Fink. Mr. Fink is President of D. J. Fink Associates, Inc., which provides management consulting to technology based industries. His over 40 years in aerospace engineering and management include service in the DOD as Deputy Director, Strategic & Space Systems. Following his government service he joined the General Electric Company in 1968. He was Vice President of that company where he first led GE's Space Division, then its Aerospace Group, and later was Senior Vice President Corporate Development and Planning. Mr. Fink serves on the Defense Science Board and is a former Chairman of the NASA Advisory Council. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering and was Chairman of the NRC Space Applications board and its Board on Telecommunications and Computer Applications. His honors and awards include the DOD Distinguished Service Award, the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal and the Collier Trophy (for his work on Landsat). He is an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and a former President. He received his B.S. and M.S. in aeronautical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Don Fuqua. Mr. Fuqua is President and General Manager of the Aerospace Industries Association and serves as leading spokesperson for the U.S. aerospace industry. Before joining AIA, Mr. Fuqua served 12 terms as a U.S. Congressman, representing Florida's Second Congressional District. He was elected Chairman of the House Science and Technology Committee in 1979 after serving on the Committee since joining Congress in 1963. He is a member of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Advisory Council and is a founding member of the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. Mr. Fuqua has received numerous awards including the Rotary National Award for Space Achievement in 1988, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Distinguished Public Service Medal and the National Science Foundation Distinguished Public Service Award, both in 1986. Mr. Fuqua graduated from the University of Florida with a degree in agriculture economics. He also has honorary doctorate degrees from the University of Notre Dame, Florida Institute of Technology, Florida State University, and Florida A&M University.
Robert T. Herres. General Herres retired in March 1990 after 36 years of military service to become President of Property and Casualty Insurance Division at USAA, an insurance and financial services provider. The last three years of his military career were spent as Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Space related assignments included service as Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Space Command, North American Aerospace Defense Command, and Commander of the Air Force Space Command. He was also Director of Command, Control and Communications Systems on the Joint Staff, Commanded the Eighth Air Force and the Air Force Communications Command. Earlier, General Herres was the Air Force Flight Test Center's Chief of Plans and Requirements and Chief of the Flight Crew Division for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program subsequent to completing the Air Force's Test Pilot School. He is a Naval Academy graduate and holds Masters' Degrees in electrical engineering and public administration.
David T. Kearns. Mr. Kearns is Chairman of Xerox Corporation, Stamford, Connecticut. Mr. Kearns joined Xerox in July 1971 as a corporate vice president. In 1972, he became President of the Company's copier/duplicator group. He was named Executive Vice President, International Operations in 1976. He was named President and Chief Operating Officer in 1977 and Chief Executive Officer in 1982. Mr. Kearns served as Chief Executive Officer until he relinquished that position in August 1990. Prior to joining Xerox, Kearns was a Vice President of the data processing division of International Business Machines Corporation. Mr. Kearns is a member of the President's Education Policy Advisory Committee, the Business Council, the Council on Foreign Relation, the Trilateral Commission and the American Philosophical Society. He is a member of the Board of Directors of Chase Manhattan Corporation, Time Warner, Inc., Ryder System, Inc., and the Dayton Hudson Corporation. He also serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ford Foundation, the National Urban League and the University of Rochester. He served in the United States Navy, and he graduated from the University of Rochester in 1952 with a degree in business administration.
Louis J. Lanzerotti. Dr. Lanzerotti, Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff, AT&T Bell Laboratories, and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Florida, has also served as Regents' Lecturer at UCLA. His principal research interests include space plasmas, geophysics, and engineering problems related to the impact of space processes on space and terrestrial technologies. He is a co-investigator and principal investigator on NASA.missions, and conducts extensive groundbased and laboratory research on space related topics. He was Chairman of NASA's Space and Earth Science Advisory Committee and is presently Chairman of the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council. Elected to the National Academy of Engineering and the International Academy of Astronautics, he is also a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Lanzerotti has received NASA's Distinguished Public Service Medal. He has an engineering degree from the University of Illinois and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from Harvard.
Thomas O. Paine. Dr. Paine is Chairman of Thomas Paine Associates, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and a Director of the Planetary Society, the National Space Institute, the International Academy of Astronautics, Orbital Sciences Corporation, the Pacific Forum, Quotron Systems (Division of Citicorp), and Nike, Inc. He joined the General Electric Research Laboratory in 1949, and in 25 years with GE served as Manager of GE's TEMPO (long-range technoeconomic studies), Vice President and Group Executive of the Power Generation Group (worldwide ship propulsion, nuclear power and steam and gas turbine- generators), and Senior Vice President for Science and Technology (oversight of GE's research and development). During the first seven Apollo missions from 1968 through 1970, he was Administrator of NASA. From 1976 to 1982, he was President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of Northrop Corporation. Dr. Paine also has served as a Trustee of Occidental College and Brown University, and a Director of Eastern Air Lines, Arthur D. Little, RCA, and NBC. In 1985, President Reagan appointed him Chairman of the National Commission on Space, a panel created by the Congress to chart civilian space goals for 21st Century America. He received a Ph.D. in physical metallurgy from Stanford University in 1949.
Committee Support:
James D. Bain, Committee Executive Secretary
James R. Beale, National Space Council Staff Liaison
Darrell R. Branscome, Technical
Laura J. Cooper, Administrative
Edward A. Frankle, Committee Counsel and Ex-Officio Committee Member
Frances L. Gragg, Technical and Administrative
Lauren B. Leveton, Technical and Administrative
Dolores L. McClung, Administrative
John E. O'Brien, Ex-Officio Committee Member
George Reese, Committee Counsel
M. Ruth Rosario, Administrative
Albert R. C. Westwood, Committee Consultant
Yvonne Williams, Administrative
Appendix II
Terms of Reference
Advisory Committee on the Future U.S. Space Program
Purpose
The purpose of the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program is to advise the NASA Administrator on overall approaches NASA management can use to implement the U. S. Space Program for the coming decades.
Task Statement
The Committee shall have a broad charter to:
- Appropriateness of planned activities
- Organizational balance and structure
- Adequacy of overall skill base of work force
- Balance between roles of government and private sector
- Possible contributions by other government agencies
- The need to maintain a strong R&D capability
- Assurance of mission success
Schedule
The Committee shall report its findings within 120 days from the date of its inception.
Membership
The Committee shall be comprised of approximately 12 individuals selected for their knowledge of space activities and management expertise. Membership shall provide as broad a set of experience backgrounds as practicable. Ex-officio members may be added to the Committee upon approval of the Administrator of NASA with the concurrence of the Committee's Chairman.
Reporting Procedure
The Committee will operate as an independent entity, reporting to the Administrator of NASA, and will submit its findings to the Administrator of NASA and, with the Administrator, to the Vice President of the United States, in his capacity as Chairman of the National Space Council.
Support
Administrative support will be provided to the Committee by NASA.
Legal Determination
Based on the objectives and purposes of the Task Force, the NASA General Counsel has determined that the activities of the Task Force fall within the scope of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 USC APP 1 et seq.). It is neither intended nor anticipated that any of the Board's activities will concern "particular matters" within the meaning of Section 208 of Title 18, U.S. Code.
Appendix III
Legal Compliance
Some members of the Committee, through their private employment, have interests in the aerospace community and, consequently, the activities of NASA. This factor was taken into serious consideration when they were appointed to the Committee and, pursuant to applicable laws, it was determined that the need for the individuals' services outweighed the potential for a conflict of interest. It was the further determination of the appointing authority that the private interests of the individuals appointed to the Committee were not so paramount as to impede their objectivity or integrity as members of the Committee. These determinations were made by the appointing authority only after coordinating with the Office of Government Ethics to ensure full compliance with existing laws and regulations regarding the avoidance of conflicts of interest. A government attorney sat in on all sessions of the Committee at the request of the Committee Chairman.
In addition, the members of the Committee, recognizing there was an important concern as to avoiding even the mere appearance of a conflict of interest, endeavored throughout their Committee activities to minimize, wherever possible, any such possible appearance.
In this regard, because of his role as Chairman of the Committee and his position as a senior executive with an aerospace company, the Chairman of the Committee elected to disqualify himself from any decisions as to whether and how the Committee would address the issue of a new launch system. The deliberations and decisions as to this matter were handled by the Vice Chairman.
Appendix IV
Witnesses
(Individuals Appearing Before Advisory Committee on the Future of the U. S. Space Program and its Working Groups)
John Aaron
George Abbey
James A. Abrahamson
Brant Adams
Larry Adams
Clyde Albertgottie
Mark Albrecht
Arnold D. Aldrich
Buzz Aldrin
Ron Alexander
LaTonya Alexander
Lew Allen
Harold Ammond
Sam Araki
Hugh Arif
Sam Armstrong
Jack Arrison
F. Ron Bailey
Randy Baggett
Brad Baker
William F. Ballhaus
Peter M. Banks
Richard W. Barnwell
David Barrett
Reginald Bartholomew
James E. Bartlett
Jeffrey E. Bauer
Robert C. Baumann
Brian Beckman
James Beggs
Joyce Bergstrom
William E. Berry
Mark Bethea
Vincent J. Bilardo
Nancy F. Bingham
David Black
Erich Bloch
Charles Bofferding
Albert Boggess
Daniel Boorstin
Carl 0. Bostrom
Roland L. Bowles
Jeffrey S. Brady
Peter Bracken
Howard Branch
David Brannon
Porter Bridwell
Robert C. Bruce
James 0. Bryant
Richard Bunevitch
Bonnie Buratti
Linwood G. Burcher
Peter T. Burr
Antonio Busalacchi
Lucinda Byrne
Gregory H. Canavan
Sandra Cargill
John Casani
Gerhard Casper
Frank J. Cepollina
Norm Chaffee
Moustafa Chahine
Elaine L. Chao
Charles R. Chappell
Michael Chilicki
Ronald Chinnapo
A. Chutjian
Harlan Cleveland
Thomas Cochran
Aaron Cohen
Ray S. Colloday
James E. Colvard
Michael Comberiatt
Dale L. Compton
Davis S. Coombs
Robert S. Cooper
John J. Cox
Harry Craft
Donald Cromer
Ray Cronise
A. P. Croonquist
Philip E. Culbertson
Frank Curran
Richard Darman
Charles R. Darwin
C. Calvin Davis
Rick Davis
Kirk Dawson
Clyde Dease
Hugh Dilion
Duane Dipprey
Peter Doms
Martin J. Donohoe
Regina Dorsey
Jeffrey C. Dozier
Robert E. Eddy
Charles Elachi
Donald Engen
George English
Roy S. Estess
Thomas Everhart
Maxime Faget
Dale L. Fahnestock
David T. Fahringer
Christine M. Falsetti
James W. Fenbert
Harry B. Finger
Lennard A. Fisk
George Fleming
James C. Fletcher
Charles T. Force
Stuart Fordyce
David Francisco
Rosemary C. Froehlich
Robert Frosch
Cynthia Fry
Michael Fry
Robert Frye
L. L. Fu
Ann Fulton
Randy Furnas
Daryal Gant
Lori Garver
Steven W. Gayle
Riccardo Giacconi
Dawn Gifford
Stan Gill
Otto K. Goetz
William Goldsby
Robert E. Grady
Daniel Gregory
Jerry Grey
Angelo "Gus" Gustaferro
Denton Hanford
Peggy W. Harmon
Roy V. Harris
Steven A. Hawley
Norman Haynes
Donald P. Hearth
Buzz Hello
Arthur Henderson
Francisco J. Hernandez
Noel Hinners
Wendy Holladay
Harry C. Holloway
Paul F. Holloway
Richard B. Holt
Stephen S. Holt
Jay Honeycutt
Ralph M. Hoodless
W. Ray Hook
Thomas J. Horvath
Thomas R. Huber
Kenneth R. Human
Carolyn L. Huntoon
Dale Hupp
William F. Huseonica
Jeffery C. Hyle
Rene Ingersoll
Thomas Irvine
Martin H. Israel
Roger L. Jenkin
Linda M. Jensen
Michael Johnson
Stephen Jung
Said Kaki
Samuel W. Keller
Cynthia Kelly
Regina Kelly
Eugene L. Kelsey
Satish Khanna
George H. Kidwell
Jenny S. Kishiyama
Ray Kline
John M. Klineberg
Martin A. Knutson
Chester Koblinsky
John Koudelka
Robert Kozar
Michael Krainak
Martin P. Kress
S. M. Krimigis
Donald J. Kutyna
Alan Ladwig
Cynthia C. Lee
Robert B. Lee, III
Thomas J. Lee
William B. Lenoir
Byron P. Leonard
Gale Lewis
LeNoir Lewis
Morris L. Lile
Bruce D. Little
Jane Liu
John Logsdon
Rebecca J. Lowe
William R. Lucas
Henry Lum, Jr.
Valerie Lyons
Christopher P. Mackay
Robert Mackin
Jeremiah J. Madden
Gray Marsee
Rebecca McCaleb
Forrest McCartney
Roslyn L. McCreary
Helen McConnaughey
John H. McElroy
Joseph T. McGoogan
John L. McLucas
Ann Merwarth
James F. Meyers
Roger Meyers
Lon F. Miller
Royce E. Mitchell
Herbert Mittelman
Tom Moore
David Moore
Thomas Moorman
James R. Morrison
Walter E. Morrow
George Morrow
Bruce Murray
Thomas J. Murrin
Dale D. Myers
Roger Myers
Joyce Neighbors
Norman F. Ness
William C. Nettles
James C. Newman, Jr.
Jerry R. Newsom
Thomas E. Noll
John E. O'Brien
Edward O'Connor
Michael O'Neal
Michael Oben
Arthur F. Obenschain
James B. Odom
David Olney
0. J. Orient
Angel Otero
Thomas 0. Paine
Don Palac
S. Paul Pao
Sidney F. Pauls
Vicki Pendergrass
C. Perigaud
Richard H. Peterson
Victor L. Peterson
James Phillips
David R. Picasso
Andy Pickett
Sasi Pillay
Kevin Plank
Alexander Pline
Don Polac
Sam Pollard
Lamont R. Poole
Fred Povinelli
Lonnie Reid
Kerry Remp
Leonard Ricks
William E. Robbins
Linda Robeck
Ralph H. Robinson
Neal Rodgers
Thomas F. Rogers
James T. Rose
Stanley G. Rosen
Lawrence J. Ross
Joseph H. Rothenberg
C. T. Russell
Stephen M. Ruffin
George Russell
Kurt Sacksteder
Carl Sagan
Vincent V. Salomonson
Stanley Sander
Neal Sanders
Stephen P. Sandford
Pat Scheuermann
Harrison H.Schmitt
B. A. Schriever
Christopher J. Scolese
John P. Scully
Robert C. Seamans, Jr.
Michael G. Shafto
Willis H. Shapley
Joseph C. Sharp
Kirk Sharp
Brewster Shaw
Joe Shaw
Joseph Shea
Thomas A. Shull
Richard J. Siebels
Robert Sieck
Bill Sikora
Allan Silver
Louis E. Simmons
J. A. Simpson
Joel R. Sitz
James Slavin
Nancy E. Sliwa
Mike Smiles
L. Dennis Smith
Gerald Smith
Richard Smith
Michael D. Smock
D. Thomas Snyder
Robert Snyder
Kenneth A. Souza
Roy Spencer
Joel Sperans
Suzanne Spitz
Russ Springham
Robert Staehle
Anne K. St. Clair
Thomas Stafford
Angela Stewart
Andrew Stofan
Edward C. Stone
Anthony Strazisar
William Strobl
Robert L. Swain
Clarence "Cy" Syvertson
Steve Szabo
Michael E. Tall
John Taylor
William F. Taylor
Thomas D. Taylor
Samuel M. Tennant
Charles E. Thienel
A. S. W. Thomas
Gene Thomas
Ron Thomas
Walter Thomas
John D. Thompson
J. R. Thompson, Jr.
Marco Toral
Carmen 0. Torres-Nisbet
John Townsend
James H. Trainor
Paivi Tripp
Richard H. Truly
Susan Turner
Daniel Tweedt
Donald Urasek
James A. Van Allen
Joan Vernikos
Edgar G. Waggoner
Carrie K. Walker
Jerry Wall
Joyce Wanhainen
Sandy R. Webb
Mark Weislogel
Martin Weisskopf
Vern Weyers
Douglas W. Whipple
David R. White
John White
Lynne White
David Whitten
Alan W. Wilhite
C. Wayne Williams
Charles Williams
Keith Wilson
Murray J. Wilson
Fred S. Wojtalik
Lowell Wood
Jerry Wood
Timothy G. Wood
William H. Wood
James Wood
John F. Yardley
John Yin
Tom Young
V. Zlotnicki
Henry N. Zumbrun
Appendix V
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