[191] Consider the quartic equation
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The coefficient of the first term may be eliminated by dividing through by it, yielding

Rewrite this equation as
x4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0
Let

Hence

Then
z4 + lz2 + mz + n = 0
where

Divide through by n to change constant coefficient to 1.

[192] Let

Then

Where

The last quartic may be factored

Note that

The last two formulas are plotted in the
accompanying chart, allowing b1 to be obtained in
terms of
and
. Then

The quartic factors may be readily solved to
obtain the roots
and
. Then, working back through the preceding
derivation
