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Appendix C
U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
| Vostok 1 |
Apr. 12, 1961 |
Yury A. Gagarin |
0:1:48 |
First human flight. |
| Mercury-Redstone 3 |
May 5, 1961 |
Alan B. Shepard, Jr. |
0:0:15 |
First U.S. flight; suborbital. |
| Mercury-Redstone 4 |
July 21, 1961 |
Virgil I. Grissom |
0:0:16 |
Suborbital; capsule sank after landing; astronaut safe. |
| Vostok 2 |
Aug. 6, 1961 |
German S. Titov |
1:1:18 |
First flight exceeding 24 hrs. |
| Mercury-Atlas 6 |
Feb. 20, 1962 |
John H. Glenn, Jr. |
0:4:55 |
First American to orbit. |
| Mercury-Atlas 7 |
May 24, 1962 |
M. Scott Carpenter |
0:4:56 |
Landed 400 km beyond target. |
| Vostok 3 |
Aug. 11, 1962 |
Andriyan G. Nikolayev |
3:22:25 |
First dual mission (with Vostok 4). |
| Vostok 4 |
Aug. 12, 1962 |
Pavel R. Popovich |
2:22:59 |
Came within 6 km of Vostok 3. |
| Mercury-Atlas 8 |
Oct. 3, 1962 |
Walter M. Schirra, Jr. |
0:9:13 |
Landed 8 km from target. |
| Mercury-Atlas 9 |
May 15, 1963 |
L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. |
1:10:20 |
First U.S. flight exceeding 24 hrs. |
| Vostok 5 |
June 14, 1963 |
Valery F. Bykovskiy |
4:23:6 |
Second dual mission (withVostok 6). |
| Vostok 6 |
June 16, 1963 |
Valentina V. Tereshkova |
2:22:50 |
First woman in space; within 5 km of Vostok 5. |
| Voskhod 1 |
Oct. 12, 1964 |
Vladimir M. Komarov
Konstantin P. Feoktistov
Boris G. Yegorov |
1:0:17 |
First three-person crew. |
| Voskhod 2 |
Mar. 18, 1965 |
Pavel I. Belyayev
Aleksey A. Leonov |
1:2:2 |
First extravehicular activity (EVA), by Leonov, 10 min. |
| Gemini 3 |
Mar. 23, 1965 |
Virgil I. Grissom
John W. Young |
0:4:53 |
First U.S. two-person flight; first manual maneuvers in orbit. |
| Gemini 4 |
June 3, 1965 |
James A. McDivitt
Edward H. White, II |
4:1:56 |
21-min. EVA (White). |
| Gemini 5 |
Aug. 21, 1965 |
L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.
Charles Conrad, Jr. |
7:22:55 |
Longest duration human flight to date. |
| Gemini 7 |
Dec. 4, 1965 |
Frank Borman
James A. Lovell, Jr. |
13:18:35 |
Longest human flight to date. |
| Gemini 6-A |
Dec. 15, 1965 |
Walter M. Schirra, Jr.
Thomas P. Stafford |
1:1:51 |
Rendezvous within 30 cm of Gemini 7. |
| Gemini 8 |
Mar. 16, 1966 |
Neil A. Armstrong
David R. Scott |
0:10:41 |
First docking of two orbiting spacecraft (Gemini 8 with Agena target rocket). |
| Gemini 9-A |
June 3, 1966 |
Thomas P. Stafford
Eugene A. Cernan |
3:0:21 |
EVA; rendezvous. |
| Gemini 10 |
July 18, 1966 |
John W. Young
Michael Collins |
2:22:47 |
First dual rendezvous (Gemini 10 with Agena 10, then Agena 8). |
| Gemini 11 |
Sep. 12, 1966 |
Charles Conrad, Jr.
Richard F. Gordon, Jr. |
2:23:17 |
First initial-orbit docking; first tethered flight; highest Earth-orbit altitude (1,372 km.). |
| Gemini 12 |
Nov. 11, 1966 |
James A. Lovell, Jr.
Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. |
3:22:35 |
Longest EVA to date (Aldrin, 5 hrs.). |
| Soyuz 1 |
Apr. 23, 1967 |
Vladimir M. Komarov |
1:2:37 |
Cosmonaut killed in reentry accident. |
| Apollo 7 |
Oct. 11, 1968 |
Walter M. Schirra, Jr.
Donn F. Eisele
R. Walter Cunningham |
10:20:9 |
First U.S. three-person mission. |
| Soyuz 3 |
Oct. 26, 1968 |
Georgiy T. Beregovoy |
3:22:51 |
Maneuvered near uncrewed Soyuz 2. |
| Apollo 8 |
Dec. 21, 1968 |
Frank Borman
James A. Lovell, Jr.
William A. Anders |
6:3:1 |
First human orbit(s) of Moon; first human departure from Earth's sphere of influence; highest speed attained in human flight to date. |
Soyuz 4
Soyuz 5 |
Jan. 14, 1969
Jan. 15, 1969 |
Vladimir A. Shatalov
Boris V. Volynov
Aleksey A. Yeliseyev
Yevgeniy V. Khrunov |
2:23:23
3:0:56 |
Soyuz 4 and 5 docked and transferred two cosmonauts from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4. |
| Apollo 9 |
Mar. 3, 1969 |
James A. McDivitt
David R. Scott
Russell L. Schweickart |
10:1:1 |
Successfully simulated in Earth orbit operation of lunar module to landing and takeoff from lunar surface and rejoining with command module. |
(continued)
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
| Apollo 10 |
May 18, 1969 |
Thomas P. Stafford
John W. Young
Eugene A. Cernan |
8:0:3 |
Successfully demonstrated complete system, including lunar module to 14,300 m from the lunar surface. |
| Apollo 11 |
July 16, 1969 |
Neil A. Armstrong
Michael Collins
Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. |
8:3:9 |
First human landing on lunar surface and safe return to Earth. First return of rock and soil samples to Earth and human deployment of experiments on lunar surface. |
Soyuz 6
Soyuz 7
Soyuz 8 |
Oct. 11, 1969
Oct. 12, 1969
Oct. 13, 1969 |
Georgiy Shonin
Valery N. Kubasovf
A. V. Filipchenko
Viktor N. Gorbatko
Vladislav N. Volkov
Vladimir A. Shatalov
Aleksey S. Yeliseyev |
4:22:42
4:22:41
4:22:50 |
Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 operated as a group flight without actually docking. Each conducted certain experiments, including welding and Earth and celestial observation. |
| Apollo 12 |
Nov. 14, 1969 |
Charles Conrad, Jr.
Richard F. Gordon, Jr.
Alan L. Bean |
10:4:36 |
Second human lunar landing explored surface of Moon and retrieved parts of Surveyor 3 spacecraft, which landed in Ocean of Storms on Apr. 19, 1967. |
| Apollo 13 |
Apr. 11, 1970 |
James A. Lovell, Jr.
Fred W. Haise, Jr.
John L. Swigert, Jr. |
5:22:55 |
Mission aborted; explosion in service module. Ship circled Moon, with crew using LM as "lifeboat" until just before reentry. |
| Soyuz 9 |
June 1, 1970 |
Andriyan G. Nikolayev
Vitaliy I. Sevastyanov |
17:16:59 |
Longest human spaceflight to date. |
| Apollo 14 |
Jan. 31, 1971 |
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
Stuart A. Roosa
Edgar D. Mitchell |
9:0:2 |
Third human lunar landing. Mission demonstrated pinpoint landing capability and continued human exploration. |
| Soyuz 10 |
Apr. 22, 1971 |
Vladimir A. Shatalov
Aleksey S. Yeliseyev
Nikolay N. Rukavishnikov |
1:23:46 |
Docked with Salyut 1, but crew did not board space station launched Apr. 19. Crew recovered Apr. 24, 1971. |
| Soyuz 11 |
June 6, 1971 |
Georgiy T. Dobrovolskiy
Vladislav N. Volkov
Viktor I. Patsayev |
23:18:22 |
Docked with Salyut 1, and Soyuz 11 crew occupied space station for 22 days. Crew perished in final phase of Soyuz 11 capsule recovery on June 30, 1971. |
| Apollo 15 |
July 26, 1971 |
David R. Scott
Alfred M. Worden
James B. Irwin |
12:7:12 |
Fourth human lunar landing and first Apollo "J" series mission, which carried Lunar Roving Vehicle. Worden's inflight EVA of 38 min., 12 sec. was performed during return trip. |
| Apollo 16 |
Apr. 16, 1972 |
John W. Young
Charles M. Duke, Jr.
Thomas K. Mattingly II |
11:1:51 |
Fifth human lunar landing, with roving vehicle. |
| Apollo 17 |
Dec. 7, 1972 |
Eugene A. Cernan
Harrison H. Schmitt
Ronald E. Evans |
12:13:52 |
Sixth and final Apollo human lunar landing, again with roving vehicle. |
| Skylab 2 |
May 25, 1973 |
Charles Conrad, Jr.
Joseph P. Kerwin
Paul J. Weitz |
28:0:50 |
Docked with Skylab 1 (launched uncrewed May 14) for 28 days. Repaired damaged station. |
| Skylab 3 |
July 28, 1973 |
Alan L. Bean
Jack R. Lousma
Owen K. Garriott |
59:11:9 |
Docked with Skylab 1 for more than 59 days. |
| Soyuz 12 |
Sep. 27, 1973 |
Vasiliy G. Lazarev
Oleg G. Makarov |
1:23:16 |
Checkout of improved Soyuz. |
| Skylab 4 |
Nov. 16, 1973 |
Gerald P. Carr
Edward G. Gibson
William R. Pogue |
84:1:16 |
Docked with Skylab 1 in long-duration mission; last of Skylab program. |
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