Appendix C-U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President FY 1995 Activities

Appendix C

U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995

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Spacecraft	Launch Date	Crew	Flight Time (days:hrs:min)	Highlights
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-7)	June 18, 1983	Robert L. Crippen Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian Sally K. Ride Norman T. Thagard	6:2:24	Seventh flight of Space Shuttle; launched two commercial satellites (Anik C-2 and Palapa B-1); also launched and retrieved SPAS 01; first flight with five crew members, including first woman U.S. astronaut.
Soyuz T-9	June 28, 1983	Vladimir Lyakhov Aleksandr Aleksandrov	149:9:46	Docked with Salyut 7 station.
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-8)	Aug. 30, 1983	Richard H. Truly Daniel C. Brandenstein Dale A. Gardner Guion S. Bluford, Jr. William E. Thornton	6:1:9	Eighth flight of Space Shuttle; launched one commercial satellite (Insat 1-B); first flight of U.S. black astronaut.
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-9)	Nov. 28, 1983	John W. Young Brewster W. Shaw Owen K. Garriott Robert A. R. Parker Byron K. Lichtenberg Ulf Merbold	10:7:47	Ninth flight of Space Shuttle; first flight of Spacelab 1; first flight of six crew members, one of whom was West German; first non-U.S.astronaut to fly in U.S. space program (Merbold).
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 41-B)	Feb. 3, 1984	Vance D. Brand Robert L. Gibson Bruce McCandless Ronald E. McNair Roben L. Stewart	7:23:16	Tenth flight of Space Shuttle; two communication satellites failed to achieve orbit; First use of Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) in space.
Soyuz T-10	Feb. 8, 1984	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovev Oleg Atkov	62:22:43	Docked with Salyut 7 station. Crew set space duration record of 237 days. Crew returned in Soyuz T-11.
Soyuz T-11	Apr. 3, 1984	Yury Malyshev Gennady Strekalov Rakesh Sharma	181:21:48	Docked with Salyut 7 station. Sharma first Indian in space. Crew returned in Soyuz T-10.
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 41-C)	Apr. 6, 1984	Robert L. Crippen Frances R. Scobee Terry J. Hart George D. Nelson James D. van Hoften	6:23:41	Eleventh flight of Space Shuttle; deployment of Long- Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF-1) for later retrieval; Solar Maximum Satellite retrieved, repaired, and redeployed.
Soyuz T-12	July 17, 1984	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Svetlana Savistskaya Igor Volk	11:19:14	Docked with Salyut 7 station. First female EVA.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 41-D)	Aug. 30, 1984<	Henry W. Hartsfield Michael L. Coats Richard M. Mullane Steven A. Hawley Judith A. Resnick Charles D. Walker	6:0:56	Twelfth flight of Space Shuttle. First flight of U.S. nonastronaut.
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 41-G)	Oct. 5, 1984	Robert L. Crippen Jon A. McBride Kathryn D. Sullivan Sally K. Ride David Leestma Paul D. Scully-Power Marc Garneau	8:5:24	Thirteenth flight of Space Shuttle; first with seven crew members, including first flight of two U.S. women and one Canadian (Garneau).

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Spacecraft	Launch Date	Crew	Flight Time (days:hrs:min)	Highlights
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 51-A)	Nov. 8, 1984	Frederick H. Hauck David M. Walker Joseph P. Allen Anna L. Fisher Dale A. Gardner	7:23:45	Fourteenth flight of Space Shuttle; first retrieval and return of two disabled communications satellites (Westar 6, Palapa B2) to Earth.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 51-C)	Jan. 24, 1985	Thomas K. Mattingly Loren J. Shriver Ellison S. Onizuka James F. Buchli Gary E. Payton	3:1:33	Fifteenth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 51-D)	Apr. 12, 1985	Karol J. Bobko Donald E. Williams M. Rhea Seddon S. David Griggs Jeffrey A. Hoffman Charles D. Walker E. J. Garn	6:23:55	Sixteenth STS flight. Two communications satellites. First U.S. Senator in space (Garn).
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 51-B)	Apr. 29, 1985	Robert F. Overmyer Frederick D. Gregory Don L. Lind Norman E. Thagard William E. Thornton Lodewijk van den Berg Taylor Wang	7:0:9	Seventeenth STS flight. Spacelab-3 in cargo bay of Shuttle.
Soyuz T-13	June 5, 1985	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh	112:3:12	Repair of Salyut-7. Dzhanibekov returned to Earth with Grechko on Soyuz T-13 spacecraft, Sept. 26, 1985.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 51-G)	June 17, 1985	Daniel C. Brandenstein John O. Creighton Shannon W. Lucid John M. Fabian Steven R. Nagel Patrick Baudry Prince Sultan Salman Al-Saud	7:1:39	Eighteenth STS flight. Three communications satellites. One reusable payload, Spartan-1. First U.S. flight with French and Saudi Arabian crew members.
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 51-F)	July 29, 1985	Charles G. Fullerton Roy D. Bridges Karl C. Henize Anthony W. England F. Story Musgrave Loren W. Acton John-David F. Bartoe	7:22:45	Nineteenth STS flight. Spacelab-2 in cargo bay.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS 51-I)	Aug. 27, 1985	Joe H. Engle Richard O. Covey James D. van Hoften William F. Fisher John M. Lounge	7:2:18	Twentieth STS flight. Launched three communications satellites. Repaired Syncom IV-3.
Soyuz T-14	Sep. 17, 1985	Vladimir Vasyutin Georgiy Grechko Aleksandr Volkov	64:21:52	Docked with Salyut 7 station. Viktor Savinykh, Aleksandr Volkov, and Vladimir Vasyutin returned to Earth Nov. 21, 1985, when Vasyutin became ill.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS 51-J)	Oct. 3, 1985	Karol J. Bobko Ronald J. Grabe Robert A. Stewart David C. Hilmers William A. Pailes	4:1:45	Twenty-first STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission.

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Spacecraft	Launch Date	Crew	Flight Time (days:hrs:min)	Highlights
Space Shuttle Challenger (STS 61-A)	Oct. 30, 1985	Henry W. Hartsfield Steven R. Nagel Bonnie J. Dunbar James F. Buchli Guion S. Bluford, Jr. Ernst Messerschmid Reinhard Furrer (FRG) Wubbo J. Ockels (ESA)	7:0:45	Twenty-second STS flight. Dedicated German Spacelab D-1 in shuttle cargo bay.
Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS 61-B)	Nov. 27, 1985	Brewster H. Shaw Bryan D. O'Connor Mary L. Cleve Sherwood C. Spring Jerry L. Ross Rudolfo Neri Vela Charles D. Walker	6:22:54	Twenty-third STS flight. Launched three communications satellites. First flight of Mexican astronaut (Neri Vela).
Space Shuttle Columbia (STS 61-C)	Jan. 12, 1986	Robert L. Gibson Charles F. Bolden Jr. Franklin Chang-Diaz Steve A. Hawley George D. Nelson Roger Cenker Bill Nelson	6:2:4	Twenty-fourth STS flight. Launched one communications satellite. First member of U.S. House of Representatives in space (Bill Nelson).
Soyuz T-15	Mar. 13, 1986	Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov	125:1:1	Docked with Mir space station on May 5/6 transferred to Salyut 7 complex. On June 25/26 transferred from Salyut 7 back to Mir.
Soyuz TM-2	Feb. 5, 1987	Yury Romanenko Aleksandr Laveykin	174:3:26	Docked with Mir space station. Romanenko established long-distance stay in space record of 326 days.
Soyuz TM-3	July 22, 1987	Aleksandr Viktorenko Aleksandr Aleksandrov Mohammed Faris	160:7:16	Docked with Mir space station. Aleksandr Aleksandrov remained in Mir 160 days, returned with Yury Romanenko. Viktorenko and Faris returned in Soyuz TM-2, July 30, with Aleksandr Laveykin who experienced medical problems. Faris first Syrian in space.
Soyuz TM-4	Dec. 21, 1987	Vladimir Titov Musa Manarov Anatoly Levchenko	180:5	Docked with Mir space station. Crew of Yury Romanenko, Aleksandr Aleksandrov, and Anatoly Levchenko returned Dec. 29 in Soyuz TM-3.
Soyuz TM-5	Jun. 7, 1988	Viktor Savinykh Anatoly Solovyev Aleksandur Aleksandrov	9:20:13	Docked with Mir space station; Aleksandrov first Bulgarian in space. Crew returned Jun. 17 in Soyuz TM-4.
Soyuz TM-6	Aug. 29, 1988	Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Polyakov Abdul Mohmand	8:19:27	Docked with Mir space station; Mohmand first Afghanistani in space. Crew returned Sept. 7, in Soyuz TM-5.
Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-26)	Sep. 29, 1988	Frederick H. Hauck Richard O. Covey John M. Lounge David C. Hilmers George D. Nelson	4:1	Twenty-sixth STS flight. Launched TDRS 3.
Soyuz TM-7	Nov. 26, 1988	Aleksandr Volkov Sergey Krikalev Jean-Loup Chr�tien	151:11	Docked with Mir space station. Soyuz TM-6 returned with Chr�tien, Vladimir Titov, and Musa Manarov. Titov and Manarov completed 366-day mission Dec. 21. Crew of Krikalev, Volkov, and Valery Polyakov returned Apr. 27, 1989, in Soyuz TM-7.

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Curator: Lillian Gipson
Last Updated: September 5, 1996
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