|
|
Appendix C
U.S. and Russian Human Spaceflights, 1961-Sep. 30, 1995
(continued)
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
| Soyuz TM-13 |
Oct. 2, 1991 |
Aleksandr Volkov
Toktar Aubakirov
(Kazakh Republic)
Franz Viehboeck (Austria) |
90:16:00 |
Docked with MIR space station. Crew returned Oct.10, 1991, with Anatoly Artsebarsky. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-44) |
Nov. 24, 1991 |
Frederick D. Gregory
Tom Henricks
Jim Voss
Story Musgrave
Mario Runco, Jr.
Tom Hennen |
6:22:51 |
Forty-fourth STS flight. Launched Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-42) |
Jan. 22, 1992 |
Ronald J. Grabe
Stephen S. Oswald
Norman E. Thagard
David C. Hilmers
William F. Readdy
Roberta L. Bondar
Ulf Merbold (ESA) |
8:1:12 |
Forty-fifth STS flight. Carried International Microgravity Laboratory-1 in cargo bay. |
| Soyuz TM-14 |
Mar. 17, 1992 |
Alexandr Viktorenko
Alexandr Kaleri
Klaus-Dietrich Flade
(Germany) |
145:15:11 |
First manned CIS space mission. Docked with Mir space station Mar. 19. The TM-13 capsule with Flade, Aleksandr Volkov, and Sergei Krikalev returned to Earth Mar. 25. Krikalev had been in space 313 days. Viktorenko and Kaleri remained in the TM-14 spacecraft. |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-45) |
Mar . 24, 1992 |
Charles F. Bolden
Brian Duffy
Kathryn D. Sullivan
David C. Leestma
Michael Foale
Dirk D. Frimout
Byron K. Lichtenberg |
9:0:10 |
Forty-sixth STS flight. Carried Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1). |
Space Shuttle
Endeavour (STS-49) |
May 7, 1992 |
Daniel C. Brandenstein
Kevin P. Chilton
Richard J. Hieb
Bruce E. Melnick
Pierre J. Thuot
Kathryn C. Thornton
Thomas D. Akers |
8:16:17 |
Forty-seventh STS flight. Reboosted a crippled INTELSAT VI communications satellite. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-50) |
Jun. 25, 1992 |
Richard N. Richards
Kenneth D. Bowersox
Bonnie Dunbar
Ellen Baker
Carl Meade |
13:19:30 |
Forty-eighth STS flight. Carried U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-1. |
| Soyuz TM-15 |
Jul. 27, 1992 |
Anatoly Solovyov
Sergei Avdeyev
Michel Tognini (France) |
189:17:43a |
Docked with Mir space station Jul. 29. Tognini returned to Earth in TM-14 capsule with Alexandr Viktorenko and Alexandr Kaleri. Solovyov and Avdeyev spent over six months in the Mir orbital complex and returned to Earth in the descent vehicle of the TM-15 spacecraft on Feb. 1, 1993. |
a Figures supplied by Marcia S. Smith, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, based on information in Tass.
(continued)
| Spacecraft |
Launch Date |
Crew |
Flight Time
(days:hrs:min) |
Highlights |
Space Shuttle
Atlantis (STS-46) |
Jul. 31, 1992 |
Loren J. Shriver
Andrew M. Allen
Claude Nicollier (ESA)
Marsha S. Ivins
Jeffrey A. Hoffman
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz
Franco Malerba (Italy) |
7:23:16 |
Forty-ninth STS flight. Deployed Tethered Satellite System-1 and Eureka-1. |
Space Shuttle
Endeavour (STS-47) |
Sep. 12, 1992 |
Robert L. Gibson
Curtis L. Brown, Jr.
Mark C. Lee
Jerome Apt
N. Jan Davis
Mae C. Jemison
Mamoru Mohri |
7:22:30 |
Fiftieth STS flight. Carried Spacelab J. Jemison first African American woman to fly in space. Mohri first Japanese to fly on NASA spacecraft. Lee and Davis first married couple in space together. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-52) |
Oct. 22, 1992 |
James D. Wetherbee
Michael A. Baker
William M. Shepherd
Tamara E. Jernigan
Charles L. Veach
Steven G. MacLean |
9:20:57 |
Fifty-first STS flight. Studied influence of gravity on basic fluid and solidification processes using U.S. Microgravity Payload-1 in an international mission. Deployed second Laser Geodynamics Satellite and Canadian Target Assembly. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-53) |
Dec. 2, 1992 |
David M. Walker
Robert D. Cabana
Guion S. Bluford, Jr.
James S. Voss
Michael Richard Clifford |
7:7:19 |
Fifty-second STS flight. Deployed the last major DoD classified payload planned for Shuttle (DoD 1) with ten different secondary payloads. |
Space Shuttle
Endeavour (STS-54) |
Jan. 13, 1993 |
John H. Casper
Donald R. McMonagle
Gregory J. Harbaugh
Mario Runco, Jr.
Susan J. Helms |
6:23:39 |
Fifty-third STS flight. Deployed Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-6. Operated Diffused X-ray Spectrometer Hitchhiker experiment to collect data on stars and galactic gases. |
| Soyuz TM-16 |
Jan. 24, 1993 |
Gennady Manakov
Aleksandr Poleshchuk |
179:0:44a |
Docked with Mir Space Station Jan. 26. On July 22, 1993, the TM-16 descent cabin landed back on Earth with Manakov, Poleschuk, and French cosmonaut Jean-Pierre Haignere from Soyuz TM-17 on board. |
Space Shuttle
Discovery (STS-56) |
Apr. 8, 1993 |
Kenneth D. Cameron
Stephen S. Oswald
C. Michael Foale
Kenneth D. Cockerell
Ellen Ochoa |
9:6:9 |
Fifty-fourth STS flight. Completed second flight of Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science and deployed SPARTAN-201. |
Space Shuttle
Columbia (STS-55) |
Apr. 26, 1993 |
Steven R. Nagel
Terence T. Henricks
Jerry L. Ross
Charles J. Precourt
Bernard A. Harris, Jr.
Ulrich Walter (Germany)
Hans W. Schlegel (Germany) |
9:23:39 |
Fifty-fifth STS flight. Completed second German microgravity research program in Spacelab D-2. |
a Figures supplied by Marcia S. Smith, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, based on information in Tass.
|
|
