NASA Investigation Board Report On The INITIAL FLIGHT ANOMALIES OF SKYLAB 1

FIGURE LIST

Figures appear at the end of each chapter.

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1-1

 Skylab Cluster

1-2

 SL-1 Vehicle

1-3

 Skylab Mission Profile

2-1

 Scalar Wind Speed at Launch Time of SL-1

2-2

 Altitude Comparisons for Early Portion of S-V Launch Vehicle Boost Trajectory

2-3

 SL-1 Alpha-Beta Limit at Maximum Bending Moment

2-4 A

 Meteoroid Shield and Solar Array System (Stowed)

2-4 B  Meteoroid Shield and Solar Array System (Deployed)

2-5

 Meteoroid Shield and Instrumentation Layout

3-1

 Roll Rate Versus Range Time

3-2

 Time Sequence of 63-Second Anomaly Instrumentation

3-3

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+60.90 Seconds

3-4

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+62.78 Seconds

3-5

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+62. 89 Seconds

3-6

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+62. 90 Seconds

3-7

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+62. 97 Seconds

3-8

 Condition of Meteoroid Shield Instrumentation at R+64. 88 Seconds

3-9

 SL-1 Retro-Rocket Impingement Force Schematic for S-II / SWS Separation

3-10

 593 Second Anomaly Time Sequence

3-11

 Explanation of 593 Second Anomaly

3-12

 Explanation of 593 Second Anomaly

3-13

 Plume Impingement Force on SAS-2

3-14

 SAS-2 Wing Hinge

3-15

 Engine Compartment Gas Temperature

3-16

 Base Region Pressures - Assumed Failure Mode: Interstage Did Not Separate

3-17

 Separation EBW Firing Unit Monitor Indications

3-18

 Second Plane Separation System, S-11 (block diagram and location)

3-19

 EBW Detonator and Detonator Blocks, Second Plane Separation System, S-II (installation)

3-20

 S- 11- 13 Interstage Station 196 Tension Strap Analysis

3-21

 Forward Interstage Internal Pressure

4-1

 Meteoroid Shield

4-2

 Butterfly Hinges Which Connect Meteoroid Shield to straps Running Under Main Tunnel

4-3

 Photograph of Titanium Frame Springs in Auxiliary Tunnel

4-4

 Trunnion Strap Assembly As Used In Rigging

4-5

 Meteoroid Shield Deployment Ordnance and Foldout Panels

4-6

 Meteoroid Shield In Its Stowed or Rigged Condition for Launch

4-7

 Meteoroid Shield Partially Deployed

4-8

 Meteoroid Shield Deployed for Orbit

4-9

 Ordnance Schematic and Cross Section View for Meteoroid Shield Release

4-10

 Photograph Showing Typical Swing Link and Latch Detail

4-11

 Drawing of Typical Swing Link and Torsion Rod Assembly

4-12

 Assembly View of Auxiliary Tunnel

4-13

 Wiring Tunnel for TACS Running Inside Auxiliary Tunnel

4-14

 Views Showing Vent Area Provision for Auxiliary Tunnel

4-15 A

 Photographs of Auxiliary Tunnel Boot (Stowed)

4-15 B  Photographs of Auxiliary Tunnel Boot (Deployed)

4-16

 Typical Cross Section Through Members of the Orbital Workshop Wall

4-17

 Longitudinal Joint Detail of AIS

4-18

 Rain Seal at Typical Top End of MS Flange

4-19

 Thrust Block Detail (one of twelve)

4-20

 Meteoroid Shield Laid Flat

4-21

 Meteoroid Shield Laid Flat

6-1

 View of Kapton Surface of the OWS Showing Forward Torsion Rod Swing Link

6-2

 View of Kapton Surface of the OWS Showing Aft Torsion Rod Swing Link and Thrust Blocks

6-3

 Auxiliary Tunnel Frame Spring Stiffness

6-4

 Venting Locations in Meteoroid Shield

6-5

 Ordnance Foldout Panel

6-6

 Longitudinal Section Through Meteoroid Shield at Foldout Panel

6-7

 Skylab, (SL-1, SA-513) Dynamic Pressure Profile for Boost Phase

6-8

 Meteoroid Shield Area Design Differential Pressures for Smooth Configuration

6-9

 SL-1 Auxiliary Tunnel Design Differential Pressures

6-10

 Auxiliary Tunnel Forward Vent

6-11

 Meteoroid Shield Response - Aft Auxiliary Tunnel Boot Sealed

6-12

 Auxiliary Tunnel Leaks

6-13

 Meteoroid Shield Response - Aft Boot Leakage

6-14

 Compressibility Waves from the Forward Auxiliary Tunnel Fairing

6-15

 Mathematical Model for Meteoroid Shield Divergence Analysis

6-16

 Air Bladder Test Rig for Tunnel Deflection Tests

7-1

 Definition of Axes and Positive Rotations

7-2

 Possible Meteoroid Shield Motion from 60.12 Seconds to 62. 74 Seconds

7-3

 Sketches of Possible Shield Dynamics During the 63 Second Anomaly

7-4

 Photograph from Orbit Showing Longitudinal Aluminum Angle Bent Over the SAS-1 Wing


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