¹ Memo, Deputy Sec/Def for Secretaries of Army, Navy, and Air Force, 9 Sept 1955, Sec/ Navy, Cont., S-2303, S-229.

² Ltr, Sec/Navy to Ch Naval Research, 27 Sept 1955; ltr, ONR 101:aaj, Ser 001270, 6 Oct 1955.

³ Rosen diary, 25 Aug 1955.

⁴ NRL Conf rpt, 31 August 1955, C-7140-277/55. (Unless otherwise noted, all documents cited in this chapter are in the Vanguard master file in NHF.)

⁵ Conf rpts C-7140-273/55, 1 Sept 1955; C-7140-275/55, 7 Sept 1955; C-7140-293, 294, 295, and 309/55, memo rpt, D. G. Mazur, 7-9 Sept 1955. See also John P. Hagen, "The Viking and the Vanguard," in History of Rocket Technology, pp. 134-135.

⁶ Interviews: Captain Winfred E. Berg, 24 Aug 1966; E. O. Hulburt, 23 April 1965; Daniel G. Mazur, 1 Mar 1967. Kurt Stehling, Project Vanguard, pp. 70-71.

⁷ See n. 1; handwritten, anon. notes, 13 Sept 1955, among Hagen papers; encl 2 to NRL 4100-227, 10 Oct 1957, and encl 5, "Funding History for Project Vanguard," to NRL 4100-227; interview, Thomas E. Jenkins, 6 Jan 1967.

⁸ Conf rpts, 8, 12 Sept 1955; interview, Robert Baumann, 24 Feb 1964.

⁹ Conf rpts C-7140-280/55 and C-7140 278/55, 12 and 15 Sept 1955.

¹⁰ Contract Nonr-1817 (00), 23 Sept 1955.

¹¹ Ibid.; Condensed Explanation of Cost Increases for GLM Contract for Vehicle Development, 3 May 1957; interview, Thomas Jenkins, 6 Mar 1967.

¹² Interviews: Capt. Winfred E. Berg, 28 Aug 1966; Milton Rosen, 28 Oct 1966; Elliott Felt and Robert Schlechter, 13 Mar 1967; and Hugh Odishaw, 30 Oct 1967.

¹³ Interviews: Elliott Felt, Jr., 13 Mar 1967; Milton Rosen, 6 Dec 1966; Alton Jones, 14 Mar 1967; and John Hagen, 17 Mar 1967.

¹⁴ Rpt on conf, 29 Sept 1955, sub: Vehicle Optimum Weight Distribution. For an account of Martin's use of the analog, see B. Klawans and Joseph E. Burghardt, "The Vanguard Satellite Launching Vehicle, An Engineering Summary," Martin Engineering Report No. 11022, April 1960, p. 7 (hereafter cited as Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle) .

¹⁵ Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, pp. 7-9, 169; see also Figure 3, "Permissible deviation from nominal path versus range," in Design Specification for Vanguard Launching Vehicle, 29 Feb 1956, revised 29 Mar 1956, Contract Nonr-1817 (00).

¹⁶ Interviews, Rosen and Bridger, 7 Mar 1968.

¹⁷ Martin purchase order 55-3516-CP, 1 Oct 1955; Martin specification no. 924; Martin Semi-monthly Progress Letters 1 and 2, for period 23 Sept to 23 Oct 1955, pp. 2, 9-10, Martin file for 1956, NHF.

¹⁸ Klawans and Burghardt, Vanguard Launch Vehicle, p. 51.

¹⁹ Rpt on conf, 3 Nov 1955, sub: Air Force contracts with Aerojet-General and Bell Aircraft Corp. to determine past performance; Telephone conf, 9 Nov 1955, sub: Relative performance of Aerojet-General and Bell Aircraft Corp. on Nike liquid booster developments; Martin Semi-monthly Progress Letters 1 and 2, pp. 2, 10-11.

²⁰ Ltr contract, Martin P.O. 55-3522-CP; Martin specification 925: memo, GLM for BAR, Baltimore, 17 Nov 1955, sub: Prime Contract Nonr 1817 (00); interview, Robert Schlechter, 12 Mar 1967.

²¹ Rpt, 5 Oct 1955, on conf of 27 Sept 1955; NRL ltr to GLM, 1 Nov 1955; Martin Progress Reports 1 and 2, pp. 11-12; ltr, Schlechter to the authors, 21 Apr 1967.

²² Martin Vanguard personnel sheets in Martin file, NHF; interview, John Hagen, 17 Mar 1967.

²³ Memo, Dir NRL to GLM, I Nov 1955, sub: Project Vanguard Organization; memos, Rosen to Hagen, 9 and 22 Nov 1955, 4140 387/ 55; Hagen, "The Viking and the Vanguard," in History of Rocket Technology, p. 132; Rosen diary.

²⁴ Ltr, Hagen to C. McL. Green, 8 Jan 1968; ltr, John O'Keefe, Army Map Service, Chief of Research and Analysis, Geodetic Division, to von Braun, 15 Oct 1956, copy in NHF.

²⁵ Interview, Hagen, Capt. Winfred E. Berg, and Thomas Jenkins, 19 Mar 1968.

²⁶ Memo, Director NRL to Chief of Naval Research, 30 Sept 1955, and to AF Dpty Chief of Staff for Development, HQ, 2 Nov 1955; lst Endorsement, HQ, Air Research and Development Command to Director NRL, 2 Dec 1955; conf rpt, 5 Dec 1955, sub: Naval Ordnance Missile Test Facility Review of Preliminary Test Plans for Vanguard Launching Operations; minutes, NRL Project Vanguard staff meeting, 2 Dec 1955.

²⁷ Memo, Chief of Naval Research to Asst/Sec Navy (Air), 16 Dec 1955, sub: Scientific Satellite Operation Program: Test Facilities.

²⁸ Conf rpt, 7 and 9 Dec 1955, to review "Preliminary Test Plans for Vanguard Launching Operations"; memo, Lt. Col. Robert McDaris to MTQX, 14 Dec 1955, sub: Range Safety Considerations for Launching; memo, Asst/Sec/Def Clifford Furnas (R&D) to Asst/Sec/AF (R&D), 9 Jan 1956, sub: Priority of Earth Satellite Program.

²⁹ Conf rpt, 20 Sept 1955, sub: Technical requirements for facilities and related technical problems; conf rpt, 12 Sept 1955, sub: Means of gaining GE immediate availability of Malta Test Facility; interviews: Robert Schlechter, 13 Mar 1967, and John Hagen, 17 Mar 1967; ltr, Hagen to C. McL. Green, 22 Mar 1967.

³⁰ Memo, GLM for Dir NRL, via BAR/Baltimore, 12 Dec 1955, sub: Construction of Vanguard Manufacturing and Testing Installations at GLM; ltr, Ch NR to Asst Sec/Navy (Material), 20 Jan 1956, sub: Facilities Project Associated with GLM Contract, approval of.

³¹ Memo for file, 6 Jan 1956, sub: Environmental Test Facility; ltr, GLM to ONR, 4 Jan 1955, sub: Test Installations at GLM.

³² NRL Memorandum Report (hereafter cited as NRL Memo Rpt) 548, pp. 11, 16-17; memo for the record, 8 Dec 1955, Special Engineering Branch, R&D Division, Troop Operations, Office Ch of Engineers; see also chapter 8.

³³ See chapter 6.